HUMAN CLONING

Group members

• Maria Khizar (FA20-BPY-058)

• Saira Abbas (FA20-BPY-044)
• Shahzada Manahil (FA20-BPY-047)
• Ayesha Yaqoob (FA20-BPY-049)
 Overview
• Common Perceptions about Cloning
• Introduction
• Types of Cloning
• Example of Cloning
• Human Cloning
• Pros & Cons of Human Cloning
• Ethical Implications
• Future of Human Cloning
• Conclusion
Comon Perceptions About Cloning
 Introduction
• Cloning is the process of producing
similar populations of genetically
identical individuals with identical
DNA.
• Clones can happen naturally-identical
twins are just one of many examples,
or they can be made in the lab.
 Different Types of Cloning
There are following three types of
cloning:

1. Transgenic(Gene) Cloning
2. Reproductive(Organism) Cloning
3. Therapeutic(Stem cell) Cloning
 Different Types of Cloning
• Gene cloning - making copies of DNA/genes. Transfer of DNA from one organism
to another asexual organism.
Useful for research,making pharmaceutical and industrial proteins, gene therapy and
GM organisms.

• Reproductive cloning - involves producing a duplicate of an existing animal. It has

been used to clone various mammals now, but the most famous cloned mammal is
still ‘‘Dolly the Sheep’’.
 Different Types of Cloning
• Therapeutic cloning - In therapeutic
cloning, the nucleus of a cell, typically
a skin cell, is inserted into a fertilized
egg whose nucleus has been removed.
The nucleated egg begins to divide
repeatedly to form a blastocyst.
It is useful for research or stem cell
transplants (rebuild organs) to cure
disease.
Example of Cloning
Dolly the cloned sheep(1996)
 Human Cloning
• Creation of a genetically identical
human being, human cell or human
tissue.

• Process for cloning is similar to as of

Dolly the sheep.

• Done through Artificial Embryo

Twinning or Somatic Cell Nuclear
Transfer.
 Human Cloning
History

• First hybrid human clone was created in November 1998. Scientists James Robl and
Jose Cibelli created a human clone by advanced Cell Technology. It was created
using Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (SCNT) - a nucleus was taken from a man’s leg
cell and inserted into a cow’s egg from which the nucleus had been removed and the
hybrid cell was cultured, and developed into an embryo. The embryo was destroyed
after 12 days.
Human Cloning
 Pros & Cons of Human Cloning
Pros of Human Cloning
• Defective genes could be eliminated
• It can help prevent the extinction of species
• It can help increase food production
• Infertility could be eliminated
Cons of Human Cloning
• There is a reduced sense of individuality
• There is a possibility of faster aging
• The process is not entirely safe and accurate
• It is regarded as unethical, and the probability
of abuse is very high
Ethical Implications
Concerns that technology is not yet developed enough to be safe

Could be prone to abuse

Religious groups are divided, with some opposing the

technology as taking God’s place
 Future of Human Cloning
• Sir John Gurdon, the British developmental Nobel-prize winning biologist believes
that human cloning could happen within the next 50 years.
• Parents who lose their children to tragic accidents might be able to clone
replacements in the next few decades.
• Scientist explained that people were extremely suspicious of in-vitro fertilization
when it was first developed, but after the first ‘test tube baby’, in 1978, the technique
gained wide acceptance and is used today by thousands of infertile couples
worldwide.
 Conclusion
As citizen of the world we can not ignore
scientific research, but instead regulate it.

‘‘Either we control gene

technology today, or
technology will redesign us by
tomorrow.’’