TEST FOR SEED VIABILITY

GERMINATION TEST

TETRAZOLIUM TEST

SEED VIABILITY EXCISED EMBRYO TEST

CUT SEED TEST

SEED THAT CAPABLE OF

CARRYING OUT
X-RAY TEST
GERMINATION TO PRODUCE
NORMAL SEEDLING AFTER
ALL ENVIRONMENTAL
CONDITIONS ARE MET
 • COVERING RESTRICT • MORPHOLOGY OF EMBRYO
OXYGEN NOT DEVELOP
• INHIBITORS IN • TEMPERATE
COVERING FAMILIES:APIACEAE
• EMBRYO CANNOT BREAK • TROPICAL
THROUGH PHTYSICAL FAMILIES:WINTERACEAE
BARRIERS PHYSIOLOGICAL MORPHOLOGICAL

• VERY • INHIBITORS IN
WARM,MOIST& TYPES OF EMBRYO,ENDOS
COLD MORPHO- PERM,SEED COAT
STRATIFICATION PHYSIOLOGICAL SEED CHEMICAL • SEED COAT
REMOVAL
PERIOD
• UNDERDEVELOPED DORMANCY • ABSISIC ACID
INHIBIT
EMBRYO
GERMINATION
PHYSICAL PHYSICAL&PHY
SIOLOGICAL

•
MECHANICAL • EMBRYO DORMANCY
IMPERMEABLE SEED
USUALLY BROKEN FIRST
COATS-HILUM
• GERMINATE AT LOW
• LARGE EMBRYO WITH FOOD
TEMPERATURE
RESERVE NOT ENDOSPERM
• PRECHILLING BREAKS
• AIR DRYING DURING • STONY ENDOCARPS PHYSIOLOGICAL DORMANCY
DEVELOPMENT • EMBRYO WITH DEEP
PHYSIOLOGICAL
DORMANCY
 SEED DORMANCY

DUE TO CONDITIONS OUSIDE DUE TO INHERENT PROPERTIES

EMBRYO:IMPERMEABLE TO INFLUENCED BY
EXOGENOUS WATER&GAS,HARD SEED COAT& POSITION&AGE OF PARENT
ENDOGENOUS
GROWTH INHIBITOR PLANT AND ENVIRONMENTAL
CONDITION

MORPHO- PHYSICAL&
PHYSIOLOGICAL MORPHOLOGICAL CHEMICAL MECHANICAL
PHYSIOLOGICAL PHYSIOLOGICAL

MECHANICAL
CONSTRAINT SECONDARY
SEED RELEASED IS PRIMARY
ALREADY IN DORMANT OXYGEN DORMANCY
DORMANCY IMPERMEABILITY
STATE
GROWTH
INHIBITORS OCCUR IN NON-
DORMANT AND POST
DUE TO WATER
EMBRYO COAT- DORMANT SEED THAT
RUDIMENTARY/COMPLETE IMPERMEABILITY EXPOSED TO
DORMANCY DORMANT EMBRYO INDUCED
DORMANCY CONDITIONS THAT NOT
DUE TO HARD FAVOURABLE
SEED COAT
 PHYSIOLOGICAL DORMANCY

NON DEEP INTERMEDIATE DEEP

PHYSIOLOGICAL PHYSIOLOGICAL PHYSIOLOGICAL
DORMANCY DORMANCY DORMANCY

• BROKEN BY SHORT • LONG PRECHILL

PERIODS OF • 6 MONTHS
REQUIREMENT
PRECHILLING PRECHILLING • EXCISED EMBRYO
• EXCISED EMBRYOS NEEDED
DO NOT GROW OR
USUALLY GROW • EXCISED EMBRYOS
PRODUCE
• REQUIRE WILL GROW
ABNORMAL
GERMINATION • GIBBERELIN,KINET
SEEDLING
TEMPERATURE ABOVE IN AND THIOUREA • CHEMICAL DO NOT
15C AND LIGHT CAN SHORTEN
AFFECT
SOURCE PRECHILLING
GERMINATION OF
• BROKEN BY REQUIREMENT
INTACT SEED
CHEMICALS:KINETIN
 METHODS OF BREAKING
DORMANCY

• METHOD OF
SOFTENING AND
SCARIFICATION WEAKING SEED COAT STRATIFICATION
• SEED COAT IS
RENDERED PERMEABLE
TO WATER AND GASES

• USED TO BREAK
MECHANICAL CHEMICAL DORMANCY
SCARIFICATION SCARIFICATION • EXPOSED TO WELL
AERATED
• MOIST
• SULPHURIC CONDITIONS
• ABRASSION • UNDER LOW TEMP.
• IMMERSION ACID (0-10C)
IN BOILING • CELLULOSE
WATER • PECTINASE
• PIERCING • HYDROGEN
SEED COAT PEROXIDE
 HIGH CONC. WILL OVERCOME CHILLING
TEMPERATURE
INHIBIT,LOW CONC. PROMOTES CAN SUBSTITUTE AND LIGHT
DEPENDEDNT
WILL PROMOTE GERMINATION IN FOR LIGHT AND REQUIREMENT
PLANTS TEMPERATURE

KINETIN AND KNOWN

AUXINS GIBBERELLINS TO BRREAK PRIMARY
REPLACE
DORMANCY
TEMPERATURE AND
THIOUREA CYTOKININS
LIGHT
CHEMICAL USED
REQUIREMENTS
FOR SEED REGULATE AUXIN
GERMINATION LEVEL
ETHYLENE
PHENOLIC SCOPOTELIN EX:PEANUTS&
SUNFLOWER
POTTASIUM HYDROGEN
NITRATE PEROXIDE

STIMULATE OXYGEN PLAYS ROLE IN

INTERACT WITH CONIFERS,LEGUMES, DISINFECTANT
UPTAKE AND
TEMPERATURE COFACTOR FOR TOMATOES,BARLEY
AND LIGHT PHYTOCHROME
 OSMOTIC PRESSURE
HIGH OSMOTIC PRESSURE:IMBIBITION
MORE DIFFICULT,RETARDS GERMINATION
HALOPHYTES GERMINATE IN SALINE
ENVIRONMENT
SPEED GERMINATION
PRESOAKING
PROLONG SOAKING:DAMAGE THE SEED
PRESOAK AT 20C:PROTECT SEED FROM
CHILLING INJURY
MAY INJURE SEED
FROST&COLD NIGHTS DEPEND ON
FACTORS THAT TEMPERATURE,MOISTURE,EXPOSURE,HUSK
AFFECT PROTECTION
GERMINATION
OTHER THAN HARVESTING
DORMANCY MECHANICAL DAMAGE SUSCEPTIBILITY TO MECHANICAL DAMAGE
INCREASE AS MOISTURE CONTENT
DECREASE
EXPOSURE TO GAMMA RADIATION ABOVE
RADIATION 10 KRAD MAY RETARD SEED GERMINATION
EFFECTS AT HIGH TEMPERATURE AND HIGH
SEED MOISTURE CONTENT

pH VALUE GERMINATION: 4 TO 7.6