Chapter 1 - Form 5 Biology

CHAPTER 1: ORGANISATION OF PLANT
TISSUES AND GROWTH
1.1 1.2 1.3

Organisation Merismatic Growth
of Plant Tissues and
Curve
Tissues Growth
1.1
ORGANISATION
OF PLANT
TISSUES
Learning Standards
16.1.1 Communicate about the

types of plant tissue and their
main functions.
LEVEL OF ORGANISATION
IN MULTICELLULAR
ORGANISMS
FORM 4
CHAPTER 2
PLANT TISSUES
MERISTEMATIC PERMANENT
TISSUES TISSUES
APICAL LATERAL GROUND EPIDERMAL VASCULAR

MERISTEMATIC MERISTEMATIC TISSUES TISSUES TISSUES
TISSUES TISSUES
PAREN- COLLEN- SCLEREN- XYLEM PHLOEM

CHYMA CHYMA CHYMA TISSUES TISSUES
TISSUES TISSUES TISSUES
PERMANENT
TISSUES
PERMANENT TISSUE
EPIDERMAL GROUND VASCULAR

TISSUE TISSUE TISSUE
EPIDERMAL
TISSUE
All About
Epidermal
OUTERMOST INCREASE THE SURFACE
AREA FOR ABSORPTION OF
SURFACE WATER & MINERAL SALT
Tissues
CUTICLE
CONTROL THE OPENING
WAXY & OF STOMATA
WATERPROOF
LAYER CELL WALL
CUTICLE REDUCES WATER

PROTECT FROM
MECHANICAL
LOSS THROUGH INJURIES &
EVAPORATION PATHOGENS
( TRANSPIRATION)
GROUND
TISSUE
Ground Tissue
Parenchyma Collenchyma Sclerenchyma

INVOLVED IN
SIMPLEST LIVING CELLS REPAIR &
& DO NOT UNDERGO REGENERATION
DIFFERENTIATION
All About
Parenchyma
HAVE THE
Tissues INVOLVED IN
GASEOUS
EXCHANGE
THINNEST CELL ALWAYS IN A TURGID
WALL STATE FOR SUPPORT & INVOLVED IN
MAINTAINING SHAPE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS
HERBACEOUS PLANT
STORAGE OF
STARCH, SUGAR
MADE OF LIVING PROVIDE
MECHANICAL
CELLS WHICH SUPPORT &
All About
MATURE INTO CELLS ELASTICITY
THAT ARE FLEXIBLE
Collenchyma
Tissues
CELL WALLS MADE
UP OF PECTIN & CELL WALLS ARE
HEMICELLULOSE THICKER THAN THE
PARENCHYMA TISSUES.
CONSIST OF DEAD CELL WALLS ARE PROVIDE SUPPORT &
CELLS WHEN THEY THE THICKEST
MECHANICAL
ARE MATURED STRENGTH TO THE
AMONG THE GROUND PARTS OF MATURE
TISSUES. PLANTS.
HELP IN
TRANSPORT OF
All About
WATER &
NUTRIENTS
Sclerenchyma WATER
NUTRIENTS
Tissues
VASCULAR
TISSUE
VascularTissue
Xylem Phloem
MADE UP OF DEAD
CELLS WITHOUT All About TRANSPORT
WATER &
Xylem Tissues
THE CYTOPLASM MINERAL SALTS
XYLEM VESSELS
ARE ELONGATED,
CONNECTED FROM
& HOLLOW
ROOTS TO THE
LEAVES.
CONTAINS
LIGNIN
MADE UP OF LIVING CELLS, TRANSPORT SUGARS
COMPANION CELLS SIEVE TUBES WITH TO STORAGE ORGAN
& SIEVE TUBES. THE PRESENCE OF (ROOTS, FRUITS,
CYTOPLASM. TUBERS)
All About
SIEVE TUBE DO NOT SIEVE TUBES ARRANGED
HAVE ANY ORGANELLES, FROM END TO END FORMING
DECOMPOSE WHEN ELONGATED & CONTINUOUS
MATURE. TUBE STRUCTURES.
Phloem
Tissues
Fazlie Biosensei /cikgufazliebiosensei @cikgufazliebiosensei @fazliebiosensei @fazlie_biosensei
TODAY'S BIOLOGY LESSON
MERISTEMATIC
TISSUES AND
GROWTH
LEARNING STANDARDS
Identify zone of cell
division, zone of cell
elongation and zone of Compare and contrast
cell differentiation in a primary growth and
Identify the types seed radicle secondary growth in
and parts of tissue eudicotyledon plants
involved in growth. Describe types of growth:
(i) primary.
Describe positions of (ii) secondary
zone of cell division,
zone of cell elongation Assess the economic
and zone of cell Justify the necessity
of primary growth importance of plants that
differentiation in shoots have undergone
and roots. and secondary
growth. secondary growth
M ERISTEMATIC
TISSUES
meristematic
tissues
apical lateral
meristems meristems
LOCATION OF
MERISTEMATIC
TISSUES
o ne of
Z th!
e ll Gro w
C
the changes in
WHAT IS organisms which
GROWTH? start from the
zygote stage to
an adult
Zone of Cell Growth
Zone of Zone of Zone of

Cell Cell Cell
Division Elongation Differen-
tiation
Zone of Cell
Division
actively dividing
take place at
meristem cells
apical meristem
through mitosis
new cells will

pushed the
cells formed
previously to
causes the
the zone of
increase the cell elongation
number of cells elongation of the
plant stem/root
Zone of Cell VACUOLATION
elongation small
happens through water vacuoles
diffusion by osmosis & fuse to
absorption of nutrients, form a
& stored in the vacuoles. large
vacuole.
the diffused water

exerts pressure
against the cell walls
consist of cells which pushes,
that are elongates & widens
increasing in size the cells.
Zone of Cell
consist of differentiating
differentiation
cells that differentiate
once they have reached
their maximum size.
change in shapes &

structures to become
to form permanent tissues; specialised cells with examples:
epidermis, cortex, xylem, specific functions. epidermal cells form
phloem. guard cells
MAHMUD
SULTAN
TODAY'S LESSON
SAINS
SM
DESCRIBE TYPES OF GROWTH: (I) PRIMARY. (II) SECONDARY
JUSTIFY THE NECESSITY OF PRIMARY GROWTH AND
SECONDARY GROWTH.
COMPARE AND CONTRAST PRIMARY GROWTH AND
SECONDARY GROWTH IN EUDICOTYLEDON PLANTS
ASSESS THE ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF PLANTS THAT HAVE
CLASS
UNDERGONE SECONDARY GROWTH
BIOSENSEI
PAGE 01
MAHMUD
PRIMARY
SULTAN
GROWTH
SAINS
SM
GROWTH
IN PLANTS
SECONDARY
CLASS
GROWTH
BIOSENSEI
MAHMUD
PRIMARY
SULTAN
"The growth that
GROWTH
SAINS
occurs after
SM
germination & it
takes place in all
plants to elongate
their stems & roots"
CLASS
BIOSENSEI
MAHMUD
1.TAKES PLACE IN THE APICAL MERISTEM. 3.FOLLOWED BY ELONGATION & DIFFERENTIATION.
SULTAN
SAINS
SM
2. IT STARTS WHEN THE CELLS IN THE ZONE
OF CELL DIVISION ACTIVELY DIVIDE.
PRIMARY GROWTH
CLASS
BIOSENSEI
MAHMUD
IT WILL BE REPLACED BY
@SHOOT TIPS @ROOT TIPS
SULTAN
THE MERISTEM CELLS.
ROOT
SAINS
LEAF PRIMORDIA & SHOOT CAP
PRIMORDIA WILL GROW TO FORM
SM
NEW LEAVES & SHOOTS.
THE ROOT CAP BECOME
EXHAUSTED WHEN THEY
PENETRATE THE SOIL
MERIS-
TEM
TELEGRAM CHANNEL:
@CIKGUFAZLIEBIOSENSEI
YOUTUBE CHANNEL:
CLASS
YOUTUBE.COM/CIKGUFAZLIEBIOSENSEI
ENABLES THE
PLANT TO DRAFT
BIOSENSEI
INCREASE IN
HEIGHT.
MAHMUD
SECONDARY GROWTH
SULTAN
"Mainly occurs in eudicot &
SAINS
a small number of monocots
SM
(shrub) to increase the
circumference or diameter of
plant stem & root."
CLASS
BIOSENSEI
SECONDARY GROWTH
MAHMUD
SULTAN
SAINS
SM
RE S U LT S FR OM T H E
CLASS
AP PE N IN NO N - DIVISIO N O F LA T ER A L
NOT H L S IN
WOODY PLANT MER IS TE M CE L
BIOSENSEI
CE OU S PL AN T ) THE S T EM & RO O T
(HERBA
SECONDARY GROWTH
MAHMUD
SULTAN
SAINS
LATERAL
MERISTEM
SM
VASCULAR CORK
CAMBIUM CAMBIUM
BETWEEN
CLASS
PHLOEM & UNDER THE
XYLEM TISSUES EPIDERMAL
BIOSENSEI
IN VASCULAR LAYER
BUNDLES
MAHMUD
SULTAN
SAINS
SM
SECONDARY
GROWTH
CLASS
BIOSENSEI
SECONDARY GROWTH
MAHMUD
SULTAN
AT THE STEM
SAINS
SM
CLASS
BIOSENSEI
SECONDARY GROWTH AT THE STEM
MAHMUD
SULTAN
SAINS
SM
THE CELLS IN THE CAMBIUM RING
IT STARTS WHEN THE DIVIDE INWARDS TO FORM NEW
VASCULAR CAMBIUM DIVIDES XYLEM & OUTWARDS TO FORM NEW
ACTIVELY THROUGH MITOSIS PHLOEM.
THE NEW XYLEM TISSUES

BECOME SECONDARY XYLEM &
CLASS
THE NEW PHLOEM TISSUES
BECOME SECONDARY PHLOEM.
BIOSENSEI
MAHMUD
SULTAN
SAINS
SM
PRIMARY XYLEM IS PUSHED
TOWARDS THE PITH WHEREAS THE
PRIMARY PHLOEM IS PUSHED
TOWARDS THE EPIDERMIS.
THE PRIMARY XYLEM TISSUES ARE

COMPRESSED TO FORM A STRONGER THE THICKENING OF LIGNIN
WOOD LAYER. THIS IS BECAUSE THE PROVIDES MECHANICAL
CLASS
WALLS OF THE XYLEM ARE THICKENED SUPPORT TO PLANTS.
WITH LIGNIN.
BIOSENSEI
MAHMUD
SULTAN
SAINS
SM
WHEN THE SECONDARY XYLEM LAYER IS
COMPRESSED, THERE IS AN ADDITION TO
THE CIRCUMFERENCE OF THE STEM CORK CAMBIUM ACTIVELY DIVIDES
WHICH CAUSES THE EPIDERMIS OF THE TO FORM CORK CELLS ON THE
STEM TO STRETCH AND CRACK OUTER SIDE AND CORTEX ON THE
INNER SIDE.
CLASS
THE CORK LAYER PROTECTS THE
STEM FROM INSECT & PATHOGEN
BIOSENSEI
ATTACK WHEN THE EPIDERMIS IS
CRACKED.
MAHMUD
SECONDARY GROWTH AT THE ROOT
SULTAN
SAINS
SM
UNDERGOES TO INCREASE THE
SECONDARY CIRCUMFERENCE
GROWTH OF THE ROOT.
CLASS
BIOSENSEI
MAHMUD
SULTAN
SAINS
SM
VASCULAR CAMBIUM CELLS THE CELLS IN THE CAMBIUM
DIVIDE ACTIVELY AND RING DIVIDE INWARDS TO FORM
CLASS
COMBINE TO FORM A SECONDARY XYLEM AND
COMPLETE RING. OUTWARDS TO FORM SECONDARY
BIOSENSEI
PHLOEM
MAHMUD
SULTAN
SAINS
SM
DUE TO THE VASCULAR THE CORK CAMBIUM LOCATED
CAMBIUM ACTIVITY, THE UNDER THE EPIDERMIS DIVIDES
CLASS
ROOT BECOME THICKER. ACTIVELY TO FORM CORK CELLS.
THE CORK CELLS PROVIDE
BIOSENSEI
PROTECTION TO THE ROOT TISSUES.
SECONDARY GROWTH OF MONOCOTS

Most monocots do not undergo secondary growth, but some do, such as....
Aloe sp. Yucca sp. Draceana sp. Agave sp.

NECESSITY OF PRIMARY
GROWTH & SECONDARY GROWTH
THE NECESSITY OF
PRIMARY GROWTH
Allow maximum elongation of plants
Primary phloem can transport the
product of photosynthesis.
Primary xylem can transport water &

mineral salts.
Primary xylem provides support to

herbaceous or young plants.
THE NECESSITY OF SECONDARY GROWTH

Provides stability to plants by increasing the stem and root
diameters to suit the height of plants
Provides mechanical support to plants.
Produces more xylem and phloem tissues.
Produces xylem and phloem tissues continuously
to replace old and damaged xylem and phloem
tissues.
Produces stronger and thicker bark to provide protection to the plants

from excessive water loss, physical injuries, and pathogen infections.
Able to live longer by increasing the chances of seed production and
reproduction.
COMPARISON
BETWEEN PRIMARY
GROWTH &
SECONDARY
GROWTH IN
EUDICOTS

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Chapter 1 - Form 5 Biology

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CHAPTER 1: ORGANISATION OF PLANT

TISSUES AND GROWTH

1.1 1.2 1.3

16.1.1 Communicate about the

APICAL LATERAL GROUND EPIDERMAL VASCULAR

PAREN- COLLEN- SCLEREN- XYLEM PHLOEM

EPIDERMAL GROUND VASCULAR

CUTICLE REDUCES WATER

Parenchyma Collenchyma Sclerenchyma

TODAY'S BIOLOGY LESSON

Zone of Cell Growth

Zone of Zone of Zone of

new cells will

Zone of Cell VACUOLATION

the diffused water

change in shapes &

SECONDARY GROWTH AT THE STEM

THE NEW XYLEM TISSUES

SECONDARY GROWTH AT THE STEM

THE PRIMARY XYLEM TISSUES ARE

SECONDARY GROWTH AT THE STEM

SECONDARY GROWTH AT THE ROOT

SECONDARY GROWTH OF MONOCOTS

Aloe sp. Yucca sp. Draceana sp. Agave sp.

Primary xylem can transport water &

Primary xylem provides support to

THE NECESSITY OF SECONDARY GROWTH

Produces stronger and thicker bark to provide protection to the plants

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