WHAT IS GLOBALIZATION?

LESSON NO.1

NEW GENERAL EDUCATION CURRICULUM

HISTORICAL PERIOD
GLOBALIZATION AND GLOBALISM
GLOBALIZATION IN FOCUS
KINDS OF GLOBALIZATION
 NEW GENERAL EDUCATION CURRICULUM

The new generation of learners today are challenge to adapt to the call of global
advancement and global competitiveness. And with the entrance of ASEAN integration,
they are more expected to cope up with a cohesive response to education and learning.
With this, the Commission on Higher Education (CHED) formulated and implemented a
New General Education Curriculum in the Tertiary Level in order for the new generation
of learners be globally advanced and competitive in all areas of learning.
NEW GENERAL EDUCATION CURRICULUM
One of the new core courses offered in this new landscape of
educational system in the country is The Contemporary World.
According to CHED, this course introduces learners to the
contemporary world by examining the multifaceted
phenomenon of globalization. Using the various disciplines of
the social sciences, it examines the economic, social, political,
technological, and other transformations that have created an
increasing awareness of the interconnectedness of peoples and
places around the globe. To this end, the course provides an
overview of the various debates in global governance,
development, and sustainability. Beyond exposing the student to
the world outside the Philippines, it seeks to inculcate a sense of
global citizenship and global ethical responsibility.
 NEW GENERAL EDUCATION CURRICULUM
This course is mainly divided into three ideological
topic: the economic globalization, the cultural
globalization and the political globalization. Primarily,
the course is opened with a historical discussion on
economic and political globalization that unleash the
widespread amalgamation of culture. Moreover, it also
tackles global issues that involves our country
Philippines, such as: religion, population, migration,
global citizenship and environment. Hence, being part of
the international community this course also offers
discussion on global and regional internationalization
such as United Nations, ASEAN, NATO, etc.
 HISTORICAL PERIOD
The term ‘contemporary world’ is part of a timeline used to focus the
course discussion on a specific time period. However, the main subject
matters of this course are those incorporated within ‘the contemporary
world’, and these are GLOBALISM and GLOBALIZATION.
 HISTORICAL PERIOD
As a timeline, the contemporary world is part of the four major periods in the history
of intellectual civilization. The first period is the Ancient Period where is focus on the
discovery of the existence of the world and its composition, this period is also known as
cosmocentric period. The second historical period is the Medieval Period where it focus
on God and the Church as the source and pinnacle of intellectual discussion and
development, this period is known as theocentric period. The outburst of the intellectuals
opened up the third period and this is the Modern Period where it became a reaction to the
Medieval periods claim and focuses on man as the center of all intellectual discussion, this
period if known as anthropocentric period.

ANCIENT PERIOD MEDIEVAL PERIOD MODERN PERIOD

COSMOCENTRIC THEOCENTRIC ANTHROPOCENTRIC

HISTORICAL PERIOD

CONTEMPORARY
PERIOD

HOLISTIC

Lastly, the contemporary period which at first became a counter-reaction to the claims
of the modern period but later on evolve in its ideologies and focus on the society and
everything around it, hence this period on intellectual civilization is known as Holistic
period. Chronologically, contemporary period started around 1945 with the entrance of
the Cold war between the United States and the Soviet Union. However, other global
historians believe that it actually started around 1900 with start of technological
advancement and industrialization. Hence, politically we can say its 1945 but
economically it could also be 1900.
GLOBALISM

Globalism and Globalization are two different terms both in

meaning and application. According to Joseph Nye, a former
Dean of the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard
University, Globalism, at its core, seeks to describe and explain
nothing more than a world which is characterized by
networks of connections that span multi-continental distances.
It attempts to understand all the inter-connections of the
modern world, and to highlight patterns that underlie (and
explain) them. However, the focus of or study is not merely on
the inter-connection or unification of the different states and
nations, but on its relation and awareness.
 GLOBALIZATION

On the other hand, according to Manfred Steger,

a former professor of Global Studies and
Director of the Globalism Research Centre at 
Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology
University in Australia and currently a professor
in the University of Hawaii at
Manoa,“Globalization is the expansion and
intensification of social relation and
consciousness across world-space and world-
time.“
GLOBALIZATION

Globalization is the expansion and

intensification of social relation and
consciousness across world-space and world-
time.
By expansion he means creation of new networks
and the multiplication of existing connections that
cut across traditional, political, economic, cultural
and geographic boundaries. It is simply going
beyond own territory and accepting other nations
inside one’s territory.
GLOBALIZATION

Globalization is the expansion and

intensification of social relation and
consciousness across world-space and world-
time.
On the other hand, intensification means
expansion, stretching and acceleration of global
networks. This practically means going deeper
into the connections between nations by
creating agreements and friendship.
GLOBALIZATION
Globalization is the expansion and intensification of
social relation and consciousness across world-space
and world-time.
This act of expansion and intensification is done in order
to create social relation and social consciousness between
nations and states. In creating social relation, a state or
nation befriend other state or nation which gradually
result to a more concrete and stabilize relationships.
However, a nation or state should also create social
consciousness, that is, awareness and knowledge of the
capabilities and strategies of other state or nation in order
to protect his/her own. Furthermore, this is to be
executed across world-space and world-time.
 GLOBALIZATION

Globalization is the expansion and

intensification of social relation and
consciousness across world-space and world-
time.
By world-space it means no boundaries and
can be given to other state or nation, allies or
not. Hence, by world-time it means no time
limit, globalization happens twenty-four hours
a day and seven days a week.
KINDS OF GLOBALIZATION

Arjun Appadurai, a former professor in the University

of Pennsylvania, a current professor in The New
School University in New York and an Indian-
American anthropologist recognized as a major
theorist in globalization studies, introduced the
different kinds of globalization or what he name as
‘multiple globalization’ which occur on multiple and
intersecting dimensions that he calls “scapes”. He said
that there are five major scapes or kinds of
globalization: ethnoscape, mediascape, technoscape,
ideoscape and financescape.
 KINDS OF GLOBALIZATION

Ethonoscape refers to people that move around in the world, as well as the
ideas that move with them, and the impact such motion has.
Mediascape refers to the flow of media across borders and the flow of
culture.
Technoscape refers to the movement of all sorts of technology across
worldwide boundaries.
Ideoscape Refers to the flow of ideas, particularly the political ideas.
Lastly, financescape refers to the flow of money across countries and
nations.
KINDS OF GLOBALIZATION
END OF LESSON NO.1