TAGBILARAN CITY DISASTER RISK

REDUCTION MANAGEMENT'S
RESPONSE TO COVID-19, HAVE YOU
BEEN ENOUGH?

KAETE ANNE B. CORTEZ

MASTERAND
RESEARCH FLOW
 THEORIES

Theory of Change

Expectancy-Disconfirmation Paradigm

Utilitarian theory

Dissonance Theory
 LEGAL BASES
 Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA)

 Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030

 Section 16, Article 2 of the 1987 Philippine Constitution

 Republic Act 10121, also known as the Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management Act of 2010

 Republic Act (RA) 11469 or the Bayanihan to Heal as One Act

 Ordinance No. C-297 or the “Tagbilaran City Anti-COVID-19 Ordinance of 2020

 Executive Order No. 168 or The Inter-Agency Task Force For The Management Of
Emerging Infectious Diseases In The Philippines
 The Problem
The study aims to assess the response of the Disaster Risk Reduction Management Program of

Tagbilaran City on the COVID 19 according to the framework specified by NDRRMC. The basis of the

proposed intervention program will be on the findings of this study.

1. Did the TCDRRMC implement its COVID-19 Response Program base on the following four thematic

areas of NDRRMC

1. Disaster Prevention and Mitigation;

2. Disaster Preparedness;

3. Disaster Response and;

4. Disaster Rehabilitation and Recovery?

2. How effective is the response programs of Tagbilaran City DRRM in time of COVID-19?

3. How well does the Tagbilaran City use its resources on its COVID-19 response?

4. What are the lived experiences of the research participants on how they deal with the

Disaster and Risk Reduction Management Response Program of Tagbilaran City on COvid-

19?

5. As perceived by the informants, how can the Tagbilaran City government improve its

Disaster and Risk Reduction Management program?

6. Based on the findings, what enhancement programs may be proposed to the City

government?
 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Design

- study is a qualitative research

- Desk review- analyzed the already existing data
- Key Informant Interview (KII)- collection of information from those who have first-hand
knowledge about the community.

- Individual interview (IDI), an effective process of gaining insight into people's ideas,
understandings, and experiences of a given phenomenon and can contribute to in-depth data
collection. 
- This study used a semi-structured interviews with guide questions formulated by the
researcher by utilizing the OECD-DAC criteria to determine the program's relevance and how
it fulfills the objectives and implements the developmental efficiency, effectiveness,
outcomes/impact, and sustainability.

- The researcher used the four thematic areas of Disaster Risk and Reduction management as
the bases for guide questions.
Informants/ Participants/ Interviewees

- KII- Key Informant Interview, the interview included the critical officer of

Tagbilaran City Disaster Risk Reduction Management, the City officials that

compromises the Committee on Public health and Safety and the selected

health workers in the city of Tagbilaran.

- IDI- IDI participants were the selected community members from the youth,

professionals, persons with disabilities, and the Senior Citizens sector.

The study used the following to gather and collect the data;

1. A desk review was first conducted by the researcher from the avaialable data.

2. The researcher assessed the extent of the implementation of the Tagbilaran City Disaster

Risk Reduction Management response programs on COVID-19 from the program

implementers' perspective using the semi-structured guided interview questions.

3. The informants' lived experiences in terms of TCDRRM'S response to COVID-19 and

compared and validated their answers from the policymakers and the program

implementers' of Tagbilaran City.

Interpretation of Data

The interpretation of data was based on the triangulation method. The triangulation

method refers to the application and combination of several research methods to study

the same phenomenon.

The Desk Review, KII, and IDI were collated and further consolidated to
determine the validity of the information provided from the different sectors in the study.
Summary of Findings

1. Before COVID-19, the Tagbilaran City Disaster Risk Reduction Management

had no existing policies on prevention and mitigation, preparedness, response, and

recovery and rehabilitation regarding pandemics. On the bigger picture, COVID-19

and other health concerns on this kind of pandemic were not factored into the

strategic planning of DRRM. However, in response to the current health concerns,

Tagbilaran City immediately crafted policies to offset its lack. Thus, the creation of

Ordinance C-297.
2. Tagbilaran City structured a COVID-19 response policy. However, its

implementation was ineffective due to a lack of coordination among various

implementing agencies for strict compliance. On the part of the monitoring and

assessment of its performance, no concrete and structured Monitoring and

Evaluation was in place.

3. The City of Tagbilaran runs out of budget to support their COVID-19 response

because of the depleting resources as an effect of lockdown.

4. From the participants' perspective from the different community sectors, the

implementation of the COVID-19 response is not consistent and confusing.

The execution did not reach the level of expectancy of the community. There is

no concrete cascading of the guidelines of implementation down to the

community level.
5. From the participants' perspective from the different sectors in the community,

the implementation from the TCDRRM needs more improvement. Thus the

current response policies cannot suffice the long-term needs of the community.

6. From the participants' perspective from the different community sectors,

enhancing the existing COVID-19 response program is needed. The

government should also look into future outbreaks and address urgent

concerns, especially in providing an alternative method to assist the

communities during a pandemic.

 Based on the Theory of Change, the Tagbilaran City Disaster Risk Reduction
Management response to the current pandemic is sporadic due to a lack of concrete
action plan to put into the fore robust response to this pandemic (COVID-19). Although
policymakers immediately created policies, promulgations, and resolutions anchored
on the international and national framework of policies, the lack of a sturdy action plan
and implementing guidelines could have insulated the pandemic's overall impact.
There is a need to include highly relevant stakeholders including international
organizations, private organizations, and the civil society to effectively come up with
short, medium, and long-term plans to achieve intended impact on preventing,
preparing, responding, and recovering strategies to address any form of natural and
human-made disasters (including health or non-health issues).
 Expectation and outcome performance are the two most important

variables that influence satisfaction measure judgment under the Expectancy

theory. Accordingly, the customer's perception of overall satisfaction results

from a comparison between expectation and outcome performance. In line

with this theory, the researcher observed that participants' disappointment and

dissatisfaction with the City of Tagbilaran's COVID-19 response is based on

their judgment that it was far from their expectations.

 Tagbilaran City has to learn from the other parts of
the world how important it is to have a strategic
direction embedded in disaster risk, particularly for
health response. COVID-19 would not be the last
pandemic that the world will experience, there are
still health issues to come, and the city has to be
ready. A strategic disaster plan is not always
foolproof to reducing risks and managing disasters,
but saving lives and controlling loss
Recommendations

In light of the findings and conclusion, the following are the recommendations:

1. The government of Tagbilaran City should have long-term and short-term strategic

directions on their Disaster Risk Reduction Program, particularly on health issues like

this pandemic.

2. Since policies are already crafted, there is a need to concretize the implementing

guidelines and programmatic disseminations of prevention such as information drives

thru print and media, including social media platforms that could be reached by the

city's resources government and various stakeholders.

3. The TCDRRM, together with stakeholders, should implement the
strategic directions and action plans from the municipality down to the
barangays of Tagbilaran City. Including but not limited to social distancing,
wearing masks and face shield and temperature monitoring, and strict
implementation and compliance of not holding mass gatherings, among
others that protect the constituents from any form of health pandemic,
including COVID-19.

4. The government of Tagbilaran City should have a long and short-term

budget allocation and reserved funds exclusively for any form of a
pandemic. The City of Tagbilaran should not divert its budget allocation
from other programs to address the current situation as it affects the
implementation of other programs that complement the city's well-being
and constituents in general.
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