FORENSIC 5

Group 1
✅Parts of a Polygraph Machine
✅Manual and Computerize
✅Parts and Its Functions
 What is a polygraph

- popularly referred to as a lie detector

- Measures and records several physiological indices such as blood pressure, pulse,
respiration and skin conductivity while the subject is asked and answers a series
and questions.
- Lie detector or polygraph machine was invented by James Mackenzie in 1902.
However, the modern polygraph machine was invented by John Larson in 1921.
 Brief story about polygraph

- To detect deception is as old as mankind itself. Different methods have been employed to
detect deception. In modern time, more specific methods have been developed to uncover
deception.
- Cesare Lambroso was the first person to utilize an instrument for the purpose of detecting lies
in 1895. He measured the changes in blood pressure and in pulse rate with a
hydrosphymograph.
- The first person – J Larson (1921) to use a continuous method of recording changes in blood
pressure and pulse rates and more than one recording to detect deception.
- L. Keeler (1926) developed a more complexed reecording instrument, utilizing blood pressure
change, pulse rate and respiration.
- The galvanograph was added in 1936. in 1974 the first electronic polygraph was introduced by
Stoelting Co. in today’s modern society, most examiners use computerized polygraph instruments.

- An improved questioning technique by adding control questions was developed by Reid in 1952. in
1948 the first polygraph schopened by L. Keeler. Backster developed the Zone Comparison
question technique in 1961.
 PARTS OF A POLYGRAPH MACHINE
1. PNEUMOGRAPH
– consist of two 10 inches convulated tubes fastened around the subjects chest and abdomen.
During a test, as circumference of the subject’s chest and abdomen increases with each inspiration of
air, the pneumograph tubes stretch: as the subject exhales, the contraction it moves.
Function: Records the changes of breathing and respiration of the subject.
2. GALVANOGRAPH
– consist of electrodes attached to the index finger and the ring finger of the left hand or to the
palmar and dorsal surface of the left hand, the left hand is suitable because of the fact that the blood
pressure cuff attachment is on the right arm.
Function: It records the skin resistance of the subject to a very imperceptible amount of
electricity.
3. CARDIOSPHYGMOGRAPH
– blood pressure and heart rate are measured by the cardiosphygmograph component of the
polygraph, which consists of a blood pressure cuff that is wrapped around the subject’s arm. During
the questioning the cuff remains inflated.
Function: It records the changes of blood pressure and pulse rate.
4. KYMOGRAPH – a motor that drives or pulls the chart paper under
the recording pen at the rate of 6 or 12 inches peer minute.
Function: It records the blood pressure/pulse, respiration and
galvanic skin resistance are recorded simultaneously and continuously on
the surface of moving graph paper driven by Kymograph.
 Manual Polygraph Machine
During 1960’s and 1970’s, the polygraph machine was not modernized as it is
today. An analog polygraph is a kind of polygraph machine that can measure at
least three different physiological responses.
When being tested, a patient has complex rubber tubes attached to the chest and
stomach area to record respiratory activity, a blood pressure cuff to record heart
rate, and to record sweat gland activity, small metal plates are attached to the
fingers.
When the machine is turned on, the polygraph needles scratch lines onto a roll of
paper. The lines represent the levels of stress the person is experiencing and that
stress is believed to be caused by telling lies.
 Computerized Polygraph Machine

 Since 1993, the computerized polygraph machine has replaced the

analog machine.
Just like the analog polygraph, the computerized polygraph measures a
person’s heart rate, leg movements, sweating and other physiological
responses.
It is quite comprehensive and tells if a person is not telling the truth.
The advantage of computerized system is that the software can analyze the
subject’s responses in real time, thus rendering the process less subjective.
The examiner should use the latest, state-of-the-art lie detection testing
equipment to conduct the polygraph exams.
When you select an agency to provide polygraph tests, you are relying upon
them for the accuracy and validity of the results. Regardless of which system
is used, the Examiner is ultimately responsible for verifying the accuracy of
the examination.
 The main difference between the analog and computerized polygraph
is that the computerized makes its recording on a computers hard disk,
which can be viewed on a screen or printed out.
THANK YOU, KEEP SAFE!
 Group 1
Alvarez, Benedict Diaz, John Henzelner

Amigo, Mark Jayson Diño, Duene Mark

Bandal, Denson Landicho, Byron

Barba, Sofia M. Landicho, Doren

Capule, Paul Christian Matanguihan, Calvin

Caringal, John Edward Maligalig, Cristine Joy

Cervantes, Mark Joseph Mendoza, Derek

Del Moro, Justine Piamonte, Don Carlo