PP Module 2.2 THREATS TO NATIONAL SECURITY

Threats to National Security
Lesson Goal
This lesson aims to provide BISOC
Trainees an overview of the different
threats to our Nation.
Lesson Objective
At the end of this lesson the
trainees should be able to know the
overview of insurgency in the Philippines
and know the Enemy CNN (CPP
/NPA/NDF), Southern Philippines
Secessionists Group (SPSG)
Definition of Terms
Basic Alliance is an alliance of the
working class and peasantry serving as the
foundation of the Communist Insurgent or
that of the National United Front.
Definition of Terms
Basic Forces of the Revolution are
the working class, the Peasantry and the
urban petty bourgeoisie.
Bureaucrat Capitalism is the use of
public office to accumulate private assets in
capital and land.
Definition of Terms
Bolshevik is the term refers to the
high praise and distinction for communists,
signifying superiority and mastery of the
qualities of revolutionary leadership,
efficiency, and courage.
Definition of Terms
Bourgeois is a term applied to the
capitalist class, which include not only the
wealthy but also middle – class people or
sometimes petty bourgeoisie is used to
distinguish small businessmen.
Definition of Terms
Cadre is the trusted inner circle of
trained members and leaders on whom the
party can depend to carry out its policies
and programs without any questions or
objections.
Definition of Terms
Capitalism is an economic system
based on the private ownership of the
means of production and the private
accumulation and use of profits.
Definition of Terms
Class Struggle has two different
class in the society which is in constant and
inevitable economic conflict; example the
workers and the capitalist. To the
communists it is the key to overthrow the
ruling class.
Definition of Terms
Communism is a system of thought
and action originated by Karl Marx and
Friedrich Engels, developed by VI Lenin and
his successors. This system advocates,
among other things:
Materialist explanation of origin of man and
the universe;
Definition of Terms
 Comprehensive economic interpretation
of history centering about the class
struggle;
 Abolition of the noncommunist state,
which conceived as an instrument of
exploitation (4) revolutionary theory
Definition of Terms
 Moral code based on utility: on no
supernatural concepts;
 Abolition of religions;
 A world – wide communist revolution;
and
 A world – wide communist society.
Definition of Terms
Communism (primitive) is a type of
communal living reported to have existed in
early stages of man’s history.
Definition of Terms
Comprador Big Bourgeoisie The
highest stratum of the Phil Bourgeoisie,
which is mercantile rather than industrial in
character.
Definition of Terms
Democratic Centralism is the
principal organizational principle of the CPP:
Democracy under centralized leadership
and centralized leadership on the basis of
democracy; and
Definition of Terms
 Superior authority of higher organs over
lower organs and that of the majority over
the minority.
Definition of Terms
Democracy is a system of governance that
favors the rule of majority or a government for
the people and by the people.
Definition of Terms
Feudalism is where wealth and power
based on the private ownership of landed
estates, the exaction of rent or tribute, and
the practice of usury.
Definition of Terms
Horizontal multiplication of NPA
units is the formation of small NPA military
units on a wide scale rather than their
concentration into large units at a few points
in the Phil.
Definition of Terms
Imperialism is the highest, the most
developed, and last stage of a moribund
and decaying capitalism.
Definition of Terms
Leapfrog Expansion Method is the
deployment of party and NPA cadres to
noncontiguous but strategic points in the
archipelago without waiting for the wave –
upon – wave advance of the revolutionary
forces.
Definition of Terms
Left Opportunism is any erroneous
policy of attempting to seize political power
in a short period of time purely through
military means notwithstanding the
inadequacy of the military force itself and of
its political support.
Definition of Terms
Masses are ordinary people of a
society who are not “educated” in the
science of Marxism – Leninism and hence
must be led by the proletariat and its
vanguard, the communist party, toward the
goal of a communist society.
“Radicalizing the masses” signifies efforts
by the Party, through agitation, to make
more sympathetic to communist aims.
Definition of Terms
National Democratic Revolution or
New Democratic Recolution is the first
stage of the CPP revolution; Bourgeois –
democratic in character with the perspective
of proceeding to socialist revolution.
Definition of Terms
Party is organizational concept
evolved by Lenin and those who trained in
Marxism – Leninism, regarding themselves
as a “Vanguard,” who are to lead the
proletariat toward communist world society.
Definition of Terms
Party Line is the sum total of the
Party’s decisions, aim, programs, and
demands at any given time.
Proletariat is a key word in all

communist literature, meaning the Industrial
workers or working class.
Definition of Terms
Proletariat Internationalism is a
principle led by the working class party and
involves the overthrowing of the bourgeoisie
by the working class throughout the world.
Definition of Terms
Purges is a characteristic inherent in
communism whereby undesirable members
are expelled from the Party (or, when
communism is in state power, exiled or
executed).
Definition of Terms
Proletarian Revolution is the seizure
of the government, if necessary by force
and violence, by the proletariat led by the
Communist Party, leading to the
establishment of a Marxist state; called
proletarian revolution.
Definition of Terms
Proletarian Internationalism is the
principle led by the working class party and
involving the overthrow of the bourgeoisie
by the working class throughout the world.
Definition of Terms
Self – Criticism is a communist
technique ostensibly to detect and correct
weaknesses in Party life; actually to enforce
communist discipline.
Definition of Terms
Semi Colonialism is an Indirect
colonial rule by a foreign power through
unequal treaties, agreements, and
arrangements, although the subordinate
state enjoys formal independence.
Definition of Terms
Semi Feudalism is an agrarian and
pre – industrial economy dominated by the
mercantile big bourgeoisie and the landlord
class.
Overview: History of Insurgency
in the Philippines – CNN
Insurgency in the most basic form is

a struggle for control and influence,
generally from a position of relative
weakness, outside existing State
institutions.
It can exist apart from or before,

during, or after a conventional conflict.
Elements of a population often grow
dissatisfied with the status quo.
When a population or groups in a

population are willing to fight to change
the conditions to their favor,
(cont.) using both violent and nonviolent

means to affect a change in the prevailing
authority, they often initiate insurgency.
Communist Party of the
Philippines
Founding of the Communist Party
of the Philippines
February 1922
An American communist, purportedly

representing the Philippines attended the
Congress of Toilers of the Far East in
Moscow
of the Philippines
October 6 1923
The International Press

Correspondence reported that the Prof Intern
recognized the importance of the Philippines
as “strategic point in the Pacific Ocean”.
of the Philippines
July 20 1925
Tan Malaka alias Elias Fuentes

arrived in Manila along with 5 or 6
Indonesian refugees from Dutch authorities.
of the Philippines
1928
Crisanto Evangelista and Cirilo

Bognot attended the Prof Intern Conference
held in Moscow.
of the Philippines
August 26 1930
Sixty labor delegates met at the

Templo del Trabajo to set up the PKP
of the Philippines
November 7 1930
PKP was proclaimed at Plaza

Moriones, Tondo.
of the Philippines
November 7 1930
Evangelista headed the 7-man

POLITBURO (Political Bureau – armed
revolution against the government) and the
35-man Central Committee
of the Philippines
October 26 1932
Supreme Court formally outlawed the PKP
Emphasis on armed revolution
Adoption of parliamentary means to

succeed in the revolution
of the Philippines
1932
Socialist Party headed by PEDRO

ABAD SANTOS was organized in Central
Luzon
Merger of the PKP and the
Socialist Party
November 7 1938
Merger between the PKP and the

Socialist Party after Crisanto Evangelista
was given conditional pardon by the
Commonwealth Government.
The PKP During the Japanese
Occupation
February 6 1942
The Central Luzon Bureau conference

decided to organize a guerrilla army.
Vicente Lava became general secretary and
was elected in absentia.
Occupation
March 29 1942
The HUKBALAHAP was established in

Bo San Lorenzo, Cabiao, and Nueva Ecija.
Occupation
March 1942
Japanese forces launched a raid in Mt

Arayat which resulted in the capture of many
leading party cadres and members.
Occupation
March 1942
The first line of leadership was arrested by
the Japanese when the Japanese army
occupied Manila in January 1943.
Occupation
March 1942
Majority of the party members fled to
various towns in Central Luzon.
Occupation
March 1942
Japanese forces arrested EVANGELISTA,
ABAD SANTOS, CAPADOCIA, DEL
ROSARIO and others.
Occupation
September 1944
BAGUMBALI conference declared the

“retreat for defense” policy as incorrect.
HUKBALAHAP squadrons were regrouped
to take the offensive.
The PKP After World War II
At the end of World War II, the party

leadership decided to shift its headquarters
and the center of its political activities from
the countryside to the city.
The PKP After World War II
Party-supported members of
congress who had been elected in the
1946 elections were ousted from congress.

CPP During the HUK Campaign
October 18 1950
Members of the Politburo-In were

arrested. 105 communist suspects
operating in Manila together with 5 truck-
loads of communist documents were taken
by gov’t operatives.
February-March 1951
Politburo-Out (the second line of

leadership headed by DR. JESUS LAVA)
organized a Central Committee conference
and decided to continue with the old party
orientation.
Between 1951-1954
Many principal leaders of the PKP fell

under massive gov’t operations.

May 16 1954
LUIS TARUC (Democratic Alliance

member, who was supported by the Party
and was elected to Congress on April 23,
1946), bitterly disillusioned, surrendered to
the government.
Reason for PKP’s Defeat
Ideology Weakness
PKP leadership was involved in
subjectivism.
Ideology Weakness
The LAVA leadership was criticized as
having failed to grasp the nature of a
proletarian revolutionary ideology and
applied it on the concrete condition.
Political Errors
PKP did not mobilize the peasantry as
the main force of the insurgency. At the
later stage, HUK units operated as roving
rebel bands detached from its popular
support.
Political Errors
LAVA erroneously underestimated the
gov’t forces and planned for a two- year
campaign prior to takeover.
Military Errors
•The party failed to appreciate the
strength of the AFP and launched several
attacks which were initially successful but
in the long run, the HUKs were defeated
in the entire struggle.
Organization Errorrs
The main disability of the PKP was its
failure to build an organization that had
a broad mass character and one which
was national in scale.
The Re-establishment of the CPP
The rectification campaign resulted

in the re-establishment of a more militant
communist party which set out to rectify
errors, avoid past mistakes and rebuild
the party.
Ideology
Adoption of the Marxist-Leninist-Mao Tse
Tung thought as its supreme guide to
purpose its revolutionary goals
Political
The party pursues an insurgency

which should be identified with the
masses.
Political
It should be a protracted armed

struggle to be launched in the countryside
to encircle the cities.
Organization
Formation of a communist party which is
proletarian in character and armed with
MLMTT as its ideological guide.
Organization
•Mobilization of the peasants, workers and
students to participate actively and on
national scale in the proletarian revolution
which is essentially an agrarian revolution.
Organization
Organization of the National United Front
as the other weapon to destroy and
isolate the government.
Two Phased Development of the
Re-established CPP
 Urban Phase (Pre Martial Law)
 Rural Phase Mass Mobilization (Post

Martial Law Period)
Two Phased Development of
the Re-established CPP
 Urban Phase (Pre Martial Law)
 Rural Phase Mass Mobilization (Post

Martial Law Period)
NDF Twelve-Point Program
 Unite the Pilipino people to overthrow
the rule of U.S. Imperialism and the
local reactionaries.
 Wage a people’s war to win a total,
nationwide victory.
 Establish a democratic coalition gov’t
and a people’s democratic republic.
 Integrate the revolutionary armed forces
into a single national revolutionary
army.
 Uphold and promote the free exercise
of the people’s basic democratic rights.
 Terminate all unequal relations with the
U.S and other foreign entities.
 Complete the progress of genuine land
reform, raise rural production through
cooperation and modernize agriculture.
 Carry out national industrialization as
the leading factor in economic
development.
 Guarantee the right to employment,
raise the people’s living standards and
expand social services the soonest after
establishing democratic state power.
 Promote periodic, scientific and popular
culture and ensure free public education.
 Respect and foster the self-determination
of the Moro and Cordillera people and
all ethnic minorities.
 Adopt and practice a revolutionary,
independent and peace loving foreign
policy.
Rural Phase Mass Mobilization
 The Upsurge of the CPP
 The Party’s Decline (1988-1995)
 Gain Rectification Campaign
 Gains in 2001 Nat’l and Local

Elections and Resumption of Peace
Talks
Gains in 2001 Nat’l and Local Elections
and Resumption of Peace Talks
April 27 2001
GRP and NDF peace talks resumed in

Oslo, Norway where both panels agreed to
complete the peace process in 18 months.
Both Panels agreed the following:
Creation a joint monitoring committee
Complete peace process in 18 months and

forge Comprehensive Agreement on Social
and Econ Reforms in 6 months
Both Panels agreed the following:
Pursue confidence-building measures
CPP-CC Execom Directive Re-May Election
“Seize all chances and opportunities to
position in reactionary gov’t”
NPA to “expand and strengthen guerrilla
fronts”
CPP-CC Execom Directive Re-May Election
To launch tactical offensives
To demand Permit-to-Campaign Fees

May 14 2001 (May 2001 Election)
BAYAN MUNA Representatives

 Satur Ocampo
 Crispin Beltran
 Lisa Masa
June 1 2001 Peace Talks in Oslo, Norway
To discuss socio-economic reform
“Indefinite Recess” due to assassination of

Cagayan Rep. Rodolfo Aguinaldo
Organizational Structure
CPP/NPA/NDF ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE CPP/NPA/NDF ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
NATIONAL CONGRESS CCMA • National Youth/Students NATIONAL CONGRESS CCMA
CENTRAL COMMITTEE Bureau CENTRAL COMMITTEE
REBOLUSYON REBOLUSYON
POLITICAL BUREAU • National Trade Union Bureau POLITICAL BUREAU
NIPB EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE SCHOOL • National Professional Bureau
NIPB EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE SCHOOL
OF MAO ZEDONG OF MAO ZEDONG
NTUB
• National Women’s Bureau
NTUB
GENERAL
GENERAL • National Government’s GENERAL
NPB SECRETARIAT
SECRETARIAT SECRETARIAT
Employees Bureau NPB
NIB NIB
NWB • National Teacher’s Bureau
NWB
NGEB
NOD
NOD
NED NCB • National Indigenous Peoples
NGEB
NOD
NOD
NED NCB
NTrB Bureau NTrB

NTB NTB
CPH ANG BAYAN CPH ANG BAYAN
NYSB NYSB
FUNCTIONAL COMMISSIONS FUNCTIONAL COMMISSIONS
NMC NUFC
NUFC NFC NPC
NPC ID
ID NProC
NProC NMC NUFC NFC NPC ID NProC
NMS NMS
NDF SECT MF ALLIANCES IFC Oversees Party’s national campaign
NDF SECT MFandALLIANCES IFC
TRNG ORD INTEL MED FIN TRNG lays

ORD down organizational
INTEL MED FIN framework
SOG SOG
MED LOG INTEL OPNS SPT GRP MED LOG INTEL OPNS SPT GRP
TERRITORIAL COMMITTEES TERRITORIAL COMMITTEES
ICRC CVRC CLRC STRPC MMRPC BRPC PRPC CVRPC KR-N EVRPC KOMMID ICRC CVRC CLRC STRPC MMRPC BRPC PRPC CVRPC KR-N EVRPC KOMMID
WMRC NEMRC NCMRC SMRC FSMR WMRC NEMRC NCMRC SMRC FSMR
CPP/NPA/NDF ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE CPP/NPA/NDF ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
NATIONAL CONGRESS CCMA NATIONAL CONGRESS CCMA
• Handles united front effort CENTRAL COMMITTEE CENTRAL COMMITTEE
POLITICAL BUREAU POLITICAL BUREAU
• Functions: NIPB EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE SCHOOL NIPB EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE SCHOOL
Raises ideological
NTUB consciousness NTUB
GENERAL GENERAL
Forges broadNPBunited front SECRETARIAT NPB SECRETARIAT
NIB NIB
Paves the way
NWB
for PDR NOD
NWB
NOD
NGEB
NED NCB
NGEB
NED NCB
NTrB NTrB
NTB NTB
NYSB NYSB
NMC NUFC
NUFC NFC NPC ID NProC NMC NUFC NFC NPC
NPC ID NProC
NMS NDF SECT MF ALLIANCES IFC NMS NDF SECT MF ALLIANCES IFC
TRNG ORD INTEL MED FIN TRNG ORD INTEL MED FIN
SOG SOG
• Organize peasant sector
• Implement AGREV
CPP ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE CPP/NPA/NDF ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
NATIONAL CONGRESS CCMA NATIONAL CONGRESS CCMA
CENTRAL COMMITTEE CENTRAL COMMITTEE
POLITICAL BUREAU POLITICAL BUREAU
NIPB EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE SCHOOL NIPB EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE SCHOOL
NTUB NTUB
GENERAL GENERAL
NPB SECRETARIAT NPB SECRETARIAT
NIB NIB
NWB NWB
NOD NOD
NGEB
NED NCB
NGEB
NED NCB
NTrB NTrB
NTB NTB
NYSB NYSB
NMC NUFC NFC NPC ID NProC

NProC NMC NUFC NFC NPC ID
ID NProC
NMS NDF SECT MF ALLIANCES IFC NMS NDF SECT MF ALLIANCES IFC
TRNG ORD INTEL MED FIN TRNG ORD INTEL MED FIN
SOG In charge of propaganda blitz SOG • In charge of ISW

• Orchestrate ILPS
Jose Maria Sison
“I had become aware of the problems
of the peasants because I frequently
listened to tenants presenting their
problems to my parents. Even the populist
speeches of politicians I heard during
election time and the…
Jose Maria Sison
…romantic short stories I read playing on
the divide between rich and poor had some
influenced me to be on the side of the
poor.”
Influenced From Reading Books
on Marxism During His University
Days in UP Diliman
He was responsible for forming the
study which consolidated into the Student
Cultural Association of the University of the
Phil (SCAUP)
CPP Symbol and National Anthem
 The Communist Party of the Philippines
was Re-established on December 26
1968 in a barrio in Mangatarem,
Pangasinan
 The Flag of the Communist Party
represents the unit of the proletarian and
the peasantry.
 The hammer represents the proletariat
class, and sickle represents the peasant
class.
 The national anthem of the CPP is the
“Internationale” wrote by Eugene Pottier
(1871), and made into song by Pierre
Degeyter (July)
 In 2004, Jose Maria Sison Rewritten the
lyrics and first played it during the
celebration of JMS 45 years in the CPP
Tasks of the Party Member
 Strengthen the unity and force of the
Party through uplifting the understanding
of the Party members on Marxism –
Leninism and Maoism and to use this…
(cont.) universal theory in the concrete
problems of the Party and the National
Democratic Revolution;
Give priority to Party Interest;
Struggle Against Modern Revisionism;
Uphold the Party line in all our works;

 Be an expert in every line of work;
 Be an example of discipline;
 Active and organize in every work;
 Observe the Work of Humility;
 Practice the life of simple living;

 Work in a particular organization;
 Practice Criticism and Self-criticism;
 Attend in all Party Courses and always

read and distribute Party publication;
 Be loyal to the Party;
 Religiously pay the Party dues;
 Observe event that had occurred inside

and outside of the Party that could harm
the Party organization;
Rights of the Party Member
 Party members are free to participate in
every Party discussion and in the decision
making;
 Give suggestion, statement or make a
complaint to any Party Organ;
Rights of the Party Member
• To elect or to be elected;
• Conduct investigation on the character of

a certain party candidate in any work or
committee;
The CPP Membership
• The membership in the communist party
is a privilege
• The CPP recruit its members from the
most advance activist of the national
democratic front
The CPP Membership
• To become a member of the party one
must reach the party standard for
membership:
• Participated in any front organization of
the party for 6 months;
The CPP Membership
• Completed the basic party course book 1,
2 and 3;
• Sponsored by two or three party members
with good standing in the party;
• Pass the evaluation of the party to
become a candidate party member.
The CPP Membership
• As a candidate member of the party, he
or she must actively participate in the
party IPO (ideological, political and
organizational) works;
The CPP Membership
• An oath-taking for candidate members
would be held after reading to the
participants the party constitution.
• Every candidate must undergo a six
months tour of duty in the countryside.
The CPP Membership
• After six months being a candidate party
member, an evaluation for full pledge
party membership would be held.
• All candidate members would take a
seminar on intermediate party course.
The CPP Membership
• An oath-taking for full pledge membership
will be held after reading the participants
the party constitution.
The CPP Objectives
• Seize the political power of the
government through waging the National
Democratic Revolution (NDR) with a
socialist perspective.
• Establish a socialist society.
The CPP Tools for the Revolution
The new people’s army (NPA)
 The main weapon of the CPP
purposely to seize the political power of
the government, and ensure the
establishment of a socialist society.
The new people’s army (NPA)
 A guerrilla force of the CPP, and where
CPP members are concentrated.
A production, propaganda and
organizing force that recognizes the
absolute leadership of the CPP.
“Once said that one hundred well-

organized men could easily defeat one
thousand who are not organized”
-Vladmir I Lennin
The United Front
 The CPP defines the united front as: “
the unit of all revolutionary and strata
against US imperialism, Feudalism and
Bureaucrat Capitalism.
The United Front
 Through the National United Front, the
proletariat and its party extend
influence and wins the democratic
revolution.
The United Front
 The main purpose of the United Front
building is for waging armed revolution,
and not merely for parliamentary
struggle.
Southern Philippines
Secessionist Group (SPSG)
SPSG
The Muslim secessionist movement in
the Southern Philippines is rooted in the
centuries-old resistance of Muslim Filipinos
against Spanish colonization.
SPSG
The Muslim separatist sentiment is
caused by the following main factors:
Muslim fear that their religious, cultural,
and political traditions may be weakened or
destroyed by forced assimilation into a
Catholic-dominated Philippine Republic.
SPSG
Migrants from Luzon and Visayas
dispossessed Muslims of their ancestral and
communal lands and turned them into a
minority in their own land
SPSG
Muslims reject the economic
underdevelopment and poverty of
Mindanao.
Muslim Secessionist Movement
Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF)
Founded by Nur Misuari, an educated

Tausug, in 1971, and believes that:
The Moro people constitute a distinct
bangsa (nation) that has a specific Islamic
historical and cultural identity;
The Bangsamoro (Islamic nation) has a
legitimate right to self-determination; and
The MNLF has a duty and obligation to
wage a jihad against the Philippine State.
In 1996, peace talks resulted in:

Establishment of the Zone of Peace and
Development (ZOPAD) in Mindanao
Creation of Southern Philippines Council
for Peace and Development (SPCPD)
Misuari’s election as governor of the
Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao,
giving the Muslims a stake in the political
process of the country.
Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF)
MILF separated from its parent

organization the MNLF in 1980 due to the
differences between the two group’s goal.
MILF being more religious oriented,

aims to promote Islamic Ideals in the
country aside from pursuing national
objectives
Led by Hashim Salamat, their political

objective is to create a separate Islamic
State, encompassing provinces in Mindanao
where Muslims are majority.
Shari’a or Islamic Law
Da’wa or Islamic Preaching
Jihad or Holy War

MNLF
 Seven-man Provisional Central Committee
was organized an founding the MNLF in
1969:
 Nur Misuari as Chairman and Adulkhayr
Alonto as Vice Chairman
MNLF
 Otto Salahuddin in Basilan
 Ali Alibon of Davao
 Lumat Hassan of Cotabato
 Sali Wali of Zamboanga
 Salamat Hashim headed the undivided

Empire Province of Cotabato
Five MNLF Factions to Date
 MNLF Misuari Group
 MNLF led by SEMA
 MNLF Islamic Command Council
 MNLF led by jailed Mayor Alvarez Isnaji
 MNLF Committee of 15 led by Hatimil

Hassan
Peace Process GPH-MNLF and Creation
of ARMM.
 Pursuant to RA 6734 an Autonomous Region

of Muslim Mindanao was established dated
November 17, 1989 signed by Pres C. Aquino.
 The seat of ARMM government was
established in Cotabato City in ORC
compound.
 During the incumbency of Pres Fidel V. Ramos,
he signed the peace agreement with MNLF
Founding Chairman Nur Misuari which led to
the establishment of the Autonomous Region in
Muslim Mindanao.
 Misuari grievance against the GPH-MILF Peace
Process under Pnoy Administration.
Zamboanga Siege
 On September 9, 2013, almost 500 members of

the Moro National Liberation Front
(MNLF) attacked the city to protest what they
considered was government's failure to fulfill the
provisions of the peace agreement that the MNLF
signed with the Ramos administration in 1996.
 Government troops fought back in what would
turn out to be the Philippine military's biggest
operation in recent history. What followed was a
fierce battle that stretched for 3 weeks, killed 19
government forces and 208 rebels, and
dislocated 24,000 families.
Moro Islamic Liberation Front
 In the early years of the struggle, Nur Misuari

and Salamat Hashim worked together as closely
as possible; The rift between the two leaders
started to surface; Hashim started to be left out
in many major sessions of the Central
Committee;
 Dawning of the MILF. The breaking point
came on September 21,1977;
 December 26, 1977, Salamat Hasim,
acquiescing to the popular clamour of the
leaders in the field, executed the” Instrument
of Takeover.”
 Collapse of the GRP-MNLF talks in Manila, 57
leading officers of the Kutawato Revolutionary
Committee signed a petition addressed to the
OIC and the Muslim World League calling for the
ouster of Nur Misuari as Chairman of the MNLF
and instead, recognizing Salamat Hashim as the
new chair.
 Signatories were Al Haj Murad, Ghazali Jaafar,
Amelil Malaguiok, MohagherIgbal, Abukhalil
Yahya, KHALIF Nando, Moslemin Seema,
Ibrahim Sema, Kabilan Sema, Boy Hashim,
Adan Abdullah, Nur Miranda, Daud Tayuan and
Tani Malaguiok, all of Cotabato;
 Breakaway faction of the MNLF;
 1962- Hashim Salamat founded the Moro
Liberation Front(MLF) in Cairo, Egypt;
 1984- Salamat officially used the MILF to
describe his resistance group;
 Strictly Islamic or Fundamentalist
OBJECTIVES
 Make supreme the world of Allah;
 Gain pleasure of Allah;
 Strengthen relationship between man and his

creator;
 Strengthen relationship between man and man;
 Regain illegally and immorally usurped
legitimate and inalienable rights of the
Bangsamoro people to freedom and self-
determination; and
 Establish independent state and government in
MINSUPAL region and implement Shari’ah.
ARMED COMPONENT OF MILF
JIHAD (Struggle in the way of Allah)

Calls for organized and unified armed struggle
Fight perceived oppressors of Muslims

Obligation
 External elements obstruct development of

Islamic community- wage Jihad
 Da’wah not obstructed by oppressive element-
armed struggle not justified
 Oppression and failure to freely administer the
Da’wah must oth to justify Jihad
Ideology
There is no other God but Allah and Prophet

Muhammad is his messenger
 RP Constitution- secondary to Qur’an
 Qur’an- word of Allah, which is perfect
 Constitution is man-made, imperfect, riddled

with infirmities
 Can be changed anytime
 Qur’an- perpetual and eternal

Peace Process GPH-MILF
On 13 September 2010, the MILF-CC
decided to return to the new peace panel
Mohagher Iqbal as Chairman.
Other members included:
 Atty. Datu Michael Mastura
 Maulana Bobby Alonto
 Abdullah Camlian
 Prof. Abhoud Syed Lingga
 Datu Antoni Kinoc

 Framework Agreement on the Bangsamoro
signed by the GPH and MILF on October 15,
2012 in Manila, Philippines;
 Annex on transnational Agreement and
Modalities signed by the GPH and MILF on
February 27, 2013 in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;
 Annex on Revenue Generation and wealth
sharing signed by the GPH and MILF on July
13,2014 in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;
 Annex on power sharing signed by the GPH and
MILF on December 08, 2013 in Kuala Lumpur,
Malaysia;
 Annex on Normalization signed by the GPH and
MILF on 25Jan2014 in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
 The Comprehensive Agreement of the
Bangsamoro signed on 27March2014 in Manila,
Philippines. Bangsamoro Basic Law has been
finally submitted to the office of the President of
the Philippines.
Terrorist Group in the
Philippines.
Terrorist Group in the Philippines
 Abu Sayyaf Group
 Rajah Solaiman Islamic movement
 Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Fighters
 Maute Group
Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG)
 Abu Sayyaf Group “Bearer of the Sword”
 a fundamentalist organization was founded in

1989 and was originally named Mujahideen
Commando Freedom Fighters (MCFF), due to
its link with the Mujahideen movement in
Afghanistan.
 The majority of the group’s members are Muslim
youths, with many of the older cadres reportedly
veterans of the Afghan War.
 The Abu Sayyaf does not only want to establish
a separate Islamic state governed by the
Shari’a.
 The group also wants this State to be exclusive
for Muslims. The Abu Sayyaf does not practice
religious tolerance towards non-Muslims.
 The activities of the group are terrorist in nature
and are tied to the integrated effort among
Muslim fundamentalists in asserting the
dominance of Islam in global politics.
Rajah Solaiman Islamic Movement
the most radical group of
Balik-Islam/Muslim converts in the country,
emanated from the Jihad Fi-Luzon organized by
Hilarion SANTOS III @ Ahmad/Lakay. It is a
group of small cells, whose members and
supporters do not follow a typical organizational
structure.
Its members are grouped together by their common
radical orientation and objective. RSIM’s main
objective is the establishment of a pure Islamic
community in Luzon. Its aim is to Islamize the
predominantly Christian region of Luzon based on
Islamic extremism and to conduct terrorist activities
as a form of resistance against enemies.
The RSIM’s apparent short-term goal is to organize
pockets of Islamic communities in different
provinces and key cities of Luzon. the RSIM
members are consolidating in areas of Luzon
where there is a presence of sympathizers,
whether Muslim converts or born Muslim, a place of
worship (mosques) and/or madrasah.
Significantly, the more pernicious members are
mobile in Central and Western Mindanao while in
the company of ASG and other foreign jihadists.
With the arrest of erstwhile RSIM leader Hilarion
SANTOS, the group’s current leader remains
unknown.
Ruben LAVILLA, the group’s spiritual leader,
remains at large and could still provide inspiration
and assistance to remaining members. the RSIM
has 28 members, eight (8) of whom are demolition-
trained. Their identification was based on the
revelations of neutralized RSIM members
considering its inclination to bombing operations;
Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Fighters
Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Fighters

(BIFF) is an Islamist militant organization based
in Mindanao. They are a smaller player in the
overall Moro insurgency in the Philippines and are
mostly active in Maguindanao and other places
in central Mindanao.
It is a breakaway group from the Moro Islamic
Liberation Front founded by Ameril Umbra
Kato. Kato wants full independence and
disagrees with the MILF's acceptance of
autonomy. Kato broke with the Moro Islamic
Liberation Front (MILF) in 2008.
In 2008, after the Philippine Supreme
Court nullified the Memorandum of Agreement
on Ancestral Domain signed by the Philippine
government and the MILF, Kato led a
contingent of MILF fighters in an attack against
civilians.
December 2010, Kato formed the BIFF. He
claimed to have 5,000 fighters but the
government said that he had 300. It wasn't
until August 2011 that the MILF recognized
the break and declared the BIFF a "lost
command".
The BIFF rejected the 2012 Framework
Agreement on the Bangsamoro, a preliminary
peace agreement signed between
the Government of the Philippines and the
MILF, and vowed to continue their fight.
In January 2014, after the final annexes of
the Framework Agreement were signed,
the Armed Forces of the
Philippines launched Operation
Darkhorse against the BIFF.
The army captured the BIFF's main camp
in Barangay Ganta, Shariff Saydona
Mustapha, Maguindanao , which reportedly
had 500 fighters.
Maute Group
President Duterte was correct in his
prognosis on the state of peace and order in
Mindanao, which partly became his basis in
framing the anti criminality campaign as his
administration’s major thrust.
President Duterte visits the site of an explosion
that killed more than a dozen people and wounded
several others at a night market in Davao City, his
hometown, on September 3, 2016. The
Commander in Chief may not meet his forecast of
ending the problem of terrorism in the region.
Given the results of the operations against
the Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG), which he had
fully entrusted to Armed Forces Chief of Staff
Gen. Ricardo R. Visaya with an
accompanying explicit order of finishing the
group “to the last man”.
Visaya is retiring on December 8 and yet, not
only the campaign against the ASG in the
provinces of Sulu and Basilan, which is being
undertaken by 18 battalions of soldiers and
six companies of militiamen, is still to reach its
full operational tempo. The terrorism problem
has even widened.
Ironic or not, the assumption into power of
the Duterte administration has also opened a
new front in the campaign against terrorism,
courtesy of the Lanao del Sur-based Maute
Group, which corresponds to the President’s
war against criminality.
League of ASG
When Duterte declared criminality as his

administration’s focus, the previously unheralded
Maute Group raced to meet this declaration by
mutating into a full-blown terrorist group-cum-Moro
jihadist that is in the league of the ASG in less than
five months—more potent and bolder, in fact.
Duterte mobilized the whole apparatus of the
government in the campaign against crime, which
the military initially considered as being aligned
with the regional terror group Jemaah Islamiyah
but confined in Lanao del Sur, has steadily built its
reputation as a terror group that the government
will contend with even in the years to come.
The group has built its memberships from the
rosters of young radicalized Moros and even
hardened fighters of the Moro Islamic Liberation
Front, whose stronghold area in Lanao del Sur
was the same area that it has also initially
operated on.
the Commander in Chief was correct in
his reading when he prioritized the
problem of terrorism in Mindanao,
something that he coyly dismissed just so
he can send home American Special
Forces still present in Western Mindanao
for counter-terrorism operations.
He may even be considered a soothsayer
in the case of the Maute Group. While the
Lanao-based terror group, led by seven
Maute siblings, two of whom have already
been killed in previous operations by the
military, is still to duplicate the kidnapping
activities of the ASG that put it on the map
It has already been on a par with
the original terror group in terms of
bombing credentials and record of
violent confrontations with the
government.
the Maute Group ushered its first publicly
known bombing right in the hometown of
Duterte in Davao City in September, killing 14
people and wounding at least 70 others.
Before the bombing, Duterte was even
advocating for stronger and tougher measures
in dealing with crime, especially in the region,
even mobilizing the military for the job in
support of the Philippine National Police, which
again showed his analytical gift in the area of
law and order.
The Davao City bombing gave the President
the reason to push for one of his extreme
measures by putting the entire country under
state of emergency “on account of lawless
violence,” a condition that Filipinos never
before experienced in relation to the fight
against crime.
On Monday a bomb was recovered near the
US Embassy in Manila, which the National
Police chief, Director General Ronald M. dela
Rosa, attributed to the Maute Group, judging
from the similarity of the bomb with the one
used by the group in Davao City.
It is also the terror posed by the Maute Group,
lumped together with the notoriety of the ASG,
why Duterte wanted to up his anti-criminality
measures by toying with the idea of
suspending the writ of habeas corpus.
Defense Secretary Delfin N. Lorenzana has
“soothingly” contradicted some of the
President’s security pronouncements in the
past, does not buy yet the timing of his
Commander in Chief’s wishes, dismissing the
ongoing campaign against the Maute Group as
normal military operations.
Duterte that the Maute Group already has
direct links with Islamic State of Iraq and Syria
(ISIS). Maute was just among the three groups
after the ASG and BIFF that have pledged
their allegiance to the ISIS, which is already on
the retreat in Syria and Iraq where it
established its operations.
Attempt to bomb the capital
the Maute Group has been attempting to

penetrate Metro Manila with its signature of
bombings, and this was confirmed by no less than
the Army commander, Lt. Gen. Eduardo M. Año.
the Maute Group has planned to carry out
bombings in Metro Manila targeting areas
where a lot of people regularly converge;
target of bombings were the branches of a
popular department store, but this was
prevented by the intelligence community along
with the other hatched bombings
The bombings were still part of the grand plan
of Maute Group to get the recognition of
Daesh. Año added that based on their
debriefing of the arrested Davao City bombing
suspects, the Maute Group had also planned to
conduct bombings in other parts of Mindanao,
but these plans were averted by government.
Raid of Butig
the Maute Group, which was supposed to

have been weakened by the successive military
operations, put up its “greatest show” yet by
raiding Butig, wherein it even occupied its old
municipal hall building and raised the Daesh flag.
The group also displayed the same flag in
some of the houses that were abandoned by
families who were fearful of the attackers. The
occupation of Butig created a humanitarian crisis,
as the military struggled to regain the town from
the control of the terrorists.
According to Armed Forces Public Affairs Office
chief Col. Edgard Arevalo. Arevalo said the
operation in the town might take a little more time,
as the military has to conduct clearing operations
even for homemade bombs that were planted by
the terrorists.
Summary
The students were able to understand the
following:
 The overview of insurgency in the
Philippines;
 History of the CPP/NPA/NDF and the
Southern Philippines Secessionists Group

PP Module 2.2 THREATS TO NATIONAL SECURITY

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PP Module 2.2 THREATS TO NATIONAL SECURITY

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Threats to National Security

Proletariat is a key word in all

Insurgency in the most basic form is

It can exist apart from or before,

When a population or groups in a

(cont.) using both violent and nonviolent

An American communist, purportedly

The International Press

Tan Malaka alias Elias Fuentes

Crisanto Evangelista and Cirilo

Sixty labor delegates met at the

PKP was proclaimed at Plaza

Evangelista headed the 7-man

Emphasis on armed revolution

Adoption of parliamentary means to

Socialist Party headed by PEDRO

Merger between the PKP and the

The Central Luzon Bureau conference

The HUKBALAHAP was established in

Japanese forces launched a raid in Mt

BAGUMBALI conference declared the

At the end of World War II, the party

Members of the Politburo-In were

Politburo-Out (the second line of

Many principal leaders of the PKP fell

LUIS TARUC (Democratic Alliance

The rectification campaign resulted

The party pursues an insurgency

It should be a protracted armed

 Rural Phase Mass Mobilization (Post

 Rural Phase Mass Mobilization (Post

 The Party’s Decline (1988-1995)

 Gain Rectification Campaign

 Gains in 2001 Nat’l and Local

GRP and NDF peace talks resumed in

Complete peace process in 18 months and

To demand Permit-to-Campaign Fees

BAYAN MUNA Representatives

“Indefinite Recess” due to assassination of

NTrB Bureau NTrB

TRNG ORD INTEL MED FIN TRNG lays

TERRITORIAL COMMITTEES TERRITORIAL COMMITTEES

NMC NUFC NFC NPC ID NProC

SOG In charge of propaganda blitz SOG • In charge of ISW

Struggle Against Modern Revisionism;

Uphold the Party line in all our works;

 Active and organize in every work;

 Observe the Work of Humility;

 Practice the life of simple living;

 Practice Criticism and Self-criticism;

 Attend in all Party Courses and always

 Religiously pay the Party dues;

 Observe event that had occurred inside

• Conduct investigation on the character of

“Once said that one hundred well-

Founded by Nur Misuari, an educated

In 1996, peace talks resulted in:

MILF separated from its parent

MILF being more religious oriented,

Led by Hashim Salamat, their political

Da’wa or Islamic Preaching

Jihad or Holy War

 Ali Alibon of Davao

 Lumat Hassan of Cotabato