STARS AND THEIR

MASSES
 TYPES OF STARS
■ Betelgeuse
- is usually the tenth-brightest star in the night sky and, after Rigel, the second-brightest in
the constellation of Orion. It is a distinctly reddish semiregular variable star whose apparent
magnitude, varying between +0.0 and +1.6, has the widest range displayed by any first-
magnitude star.
■ Distance to Earth: 642.5 light years
■ Radius: 617.1 million km (887 R☉)
■ Surface temperature: 3,500 K
■ Age: 10.01 million years
■ Mass: 2.188 × 10^31 kg (11 M☉)
■ Magnitude: 0.58
■ Constellation: Orion
■ Antares
-designated α Scorpii, is on average the fifteenth-brightest star in the night sky,
and the brightest object in the constellation of Scorpius. Distinctly reddish
when viewed with the naked eye, Antares is a slow irregular variable star that
ranges in brightness from apparent magnitude +0.6 to +1.6. 
■ Distance to Earth: 554.5 light years
■ Radius: 473.08 million km
■ Magnitude: 1.09
■ Age: 11.01 million years
■ Constellation: Scorpius
■ Coordinates: RA 16h 29m 24s | Dec -26° 25′ 55″
■ Apparent magnitude (V): 0.6 - 1.6 + 5.5
■ Arcturus
- is the brightest star in the northern constellation of Boötes, the fourth-brightest in
the night sky, and the brightest in the northern celestial hemisphere. It is designated
α Boötis, which is Latinized to Alpha Boötis. 
■ Distance to Earth: 36.66 light years
■ Radius: 17.671 million km
■ Magnitude: -0.04
■ Surface temperature: 4,290 K
■ Age: 7.105 billion years
■ Constellation: Boötes
■ Spectral type: K1.5IIIFe-0.5
■ Sun
- The Sun is the star at the center of the Solar System. It is a nearly perfect ball of
hot plasma, heated to incandescence by nuclear fusion reactions in its core,
radiating the energy mainly as visible light, ultraviolet light, and infrared radiation.
It is by far the most important source of energy for life on Earth. 
■ Age: 4.603 billion years
■ Surface temperature: 5,778 K
■ Mass: 1.989 × 10^30 kg
■ Radius: 696,340 km
■ Distance to Earth: 149.6 million km
■ Spectral type: G2V
■ Moons: 3122 Florence, 130 Elektra, 90482 Orcus, (17473) 1991 FM3
■ Canopus
- is the brightest star in the southern constellation of Carina and the second-
brightest star in the night sky. It is also designated α Carinae, which is Latinised to
Alpha Carinae. With a visual apparent magnitude of −0.74, it is outshone only by
Sirius. 
■ Magnitude: -0.72
■ Surface temperature: 7,350 K
■ Radius: 49.395 million km
■ Luminosity: 10,700 L☉
■ Constellation: Carina
■ Spectral type: A9 II
■ Age: 25.1±2.5 Myr
■ Vega
-is the brightest star in the northern constellation of Lyra. It has the Bayer
designation α Lyrae, which is Latinised to Alpha Lyrae and abbreviated Alpha Lyr
or α Lyr. 
■ Surface temperature: 9,602 K
■ Magnitude: 0.03
■ Distance to Earth: 25.05 light years
■ Radius: 1.6432 million km
■ Mass: 4.246 × 10^30 kg (2.135 M☉)
■ Constellation: Lyra
■ Spectral type: A0V
■ Rigel
-  designated β Orionis, is a blue supergiant star in the constellation of Orion,
approximately 860 light-years from Earth. Rigel is the brightest and most
massive component – and the eponym – of a star system of at least four stars
that appear as a single blue-white point of light to the naked eye.
■ Surface temperature: 11,000 K
■ Distance to Earth: 864.3 light years
■ Radius: 54.89 million km (78.9 R☉)
■ Magnitude: 0.12
■ Age: 8.005 million years
■ Constellation: Orion
■ Spectral type: B8Iab
 FAMOUS
CONSTELLATIONS
■ Orion
- ”The hunter” is a prominent constellation located on the celestial equator
and visible throughout the world. It is one of the most conspicuous and
recognizable constellations in the night sky. It is named after Orion, a
hunter in Greek mythology. Its brightest stars are blue-white Rigel and red
Betelgeuse.
■ Ursa Major
-is a constellation in the northern sky, whose associated mythology likely
dates back into prehistory. Its Latin name means "greater she-bear," referring
to and contrasting it with nearby Ursa Minor, the lesser bear.
■ Cassiopeia
-is a constellation in the northern sky named after the vain queen
Cassiopeia, mother of Andromeda, in Greek mythology, who boasted about
her unrivaled beauty.
■ Draco
- is a constellation in the far northern sky. Its name is Latin for dragon. It
was one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd century
astronomer Ptolemy, and remains one of the 88 modern constellations today.
The north pole of the ecliptic is in Draco. Draco is circumpolar (that is,
never setting), and can be seen all year from northern latitudes.
■ Hercules
- is a constellation named after Hercules, the Roman mythological hero
adapted from the Greek hero Heracles. Hercules was one of the 48
constellations listed by the second-century astronomer Ptolemy, and it
remains one of the 88 modern constellations today.