M.B.M.

UNIVERSITY, JODHPUR

SUBMITTED BY: SUBMITTED TO:

ADITI SHARMA AR. HARENDRA BOHRA
GEETIKA SINGH AR. MIRZA FURKAN
JAHNVI GUPTA
KALINDI VYAS
SANJANA KHATRI
 CLIMATE
Climate refers to the sum total of weather conditions and variations over a large area for long period of
time (more than 30 years).

CLIMATIC ZONES OF INDIA

Regions having similar characteristic features of climate are grouped under one climatic zone. Factors
influencing climate are:
• Temperature
• Humidity
• Precipitation
• Sky condition
• Solar Radiation
• Wind
• Vegetation
India is divided into 6 climatic zones:
• Hot and dry
• Warm and humid
• Moderate
• Cold and Sunny
• Cold and cloudy
• Composite
 Warm and Humid Climate

• A climate with an excess of moisture, in which the

solar heat received is sufficient to evaporate all
moisture occurring in the form of precipitation.

• Warm and humid zone lies in the southern and

eastern part of India.

• Example – Mumbai, Goa, Vishakhapatnam, Chennai,

Kolkata, Orissa, Tripura, Gulf of Kutch, etc.
REASON FOR WARM AND HUMID CLIMATE
Places have warm and humid climate due to the presence of water bodies nearby which leads to excess
moisture content in air.
Land gets heated faster than sea due to which air above land gets heated and becomes lighter. As we know
that hot air is light so its moves upwards and moist breezes from sea rushes to land which results in warm
and humid climate.
 Characteristics
• Temperature
In summer, 30-35°C during day and 25-30°C at night.
In winter, 25-30°C during day and 20-25°C at night.

https://weatherspark.com/y/107286/Average-Weather-in-Mumbai-India-Year-Round
 Characteristics
• Sky Conditions
Sky is fairly cloudy.
Cloud cover 60-90%

https://weatherspark.com/y/107286/Average-Weather-in-Mumbai-India-Year-Round
 Characteristics
• Precipitation
Precipitation is very high about 1200mm/yr.
Annual rainfall- 2000 to 5000mm.
Occurrence of gusty winds and electric storms.
 Characteristics
• Humidity
Relative humidity remain high, 75% for most of the time, but vary from 55% to
most of the time, but vary from 55% to almost 100%.
 Characteristics
• Wind
Wind velocity is low, calm and periodic but may be strong during rain squalls.
 Characteristics
• Solar Radiation
The intensity of solar radiation is high during summers and moderate during winters.

• Vegetation
Grows quickly due to frequent rains and high temp.
Difficult to control.
High humidity accelerates mould and algae growth, rusting and rotting.
 BUILDING STRATEGIES FOR
WARM AND HUMID CLIMATE
SITE
• Landform
For flat sites, design considerations for landform is
immaterial. In case of slopes and depressions, the building
should be located on the windward side or crest to take
advantage of cool breeze.

• Water Bodies
Water bodies are not essential as they would tend to
further increase the humidity.
• Street width and Orientation
The width of the street should be such that the intense solar
radiation during late morning and early noon is avoided during
the summer.
Major street should be oriented parallel to or within 30 degree
of the prevailing wind direction during summer months to
encourage ventilation in warm and humid regions.

• Open Space and Built Form

Buildings should be spread out with large open spaces in
between for unrestricted air movement.
In cities buildings on stilts can promote ventilation and cause
cooling at the ground level.
• Ventilation
Window type for good air flow
BUILDING PLANNING
To provide shelter from rain and heat, the form of the building
should be planned to promote air flow.
MATERIALS
Materials with heat storage capacity such as
bricks and concrete are of little benefit, a
lighter house construction (timber, fibro) will
cool quickly at night.

COLOUR AND TEXTURE

The walls should be painted with light
whitewashed, while the surface of the roof
can be broken glazed tile to reflect the sun
back to the environment.
THANK YOU