Tropical Design 1

Tropical Design
Climate
• A defined region with certain temperature, dryness, wind, light, etc
• An integration in time of the atmospheric environment of a certain
geographical location.
4 Types of Climate
1. Hot Humid (Tropical)
2. Hot Air
3. Temperature
4. Cold
Climatic Elements to be Considered in Design
1. Sunlight
2. Air Temperature
3. Atmospheric Humidity
4. Rainfall
5. Wind
Philippines Climate
The Philippines climate is classified as Tropical and Maritime.
Philippines Climate
Important Elements of country’s weather and climate
• Temperature
• Humidity
• Rainfall
Philippines Climate
• Temperature
1. Based on the average of all the weather stations in the Philippines,
excluding Baguio, the mean annual temperature is 26.6 degree Celsius.
2. The coolest months fall in January with a mean temperature of 25.5 degree
Celsius while the warmest month occurs in May with a mean temperature
of 28.30 degree Celsius.
3. Latitude is an insignificant factor in the variation of temperature white
altitude shows greater contrast in temperature. Thus, the mean annual
temperature of baguio with an elevation of 1500 is 18.3 degree Celsius.
4. The difference between the mean annual temperature of the southernmost
station in Zamboanga and that of the northernmost station in Laoag is
insignificant.
Philippines Climate
• Temperature
5. In other words, there is essentially no difference in the annual temperature
of places in Luzon, Visayas, or Mindanao measured at or near sea level
6. Generally small diurnal temperature ranging from 2 to 5 degrees only.
Philippines Climate
• Humidity
1. Humidity Refers to the moisture content of the atmosphere.
2. Due to high temperature and the surrounding bodies of water, the
Philippines has a high relative humidity.
3. The average monthly relative humidity varies between 71% in
March and 85% in September
Philippines Climate
• Humidity
4. The Combination of warmth temperature and high relative and
absolute humidifies give rise to high sensible temperature
throughout the archipelago.
5. It is Especially Uncomfortable during March to May, When
temperature and Humidity attain their maximum levels.
Philippines Climate
• Rainfall
1. Rainfall is the most important climatic element in the Philippines
2. Rainfall distribution throughout the country varies from one region
to another., depending upon the direction of the moisture-bearing
winds and the location of the maintain systems.
3. The mean annual rainfall of the Philippines varies from 965 to 4,064
millimeters annually.
Philippines Climate
• Rainfall
3. The mean annual rainfall of the Philippines varies from 965 to 4,064
millimeters annually.
4. Baguio City, Eastern Samar, and Eastern Surigao receive the greatest
amount of rainfall while the southern portion of Cotabato receives
the least amount of rain. At General Santos City in Cotabato, the
average annual rainfalls is only 978 millimeters.
Seasons in the Philippines
1. Rainy Sesons – Occurs commonly on June to November
2. Dry Seasons – Occurs from December to May
a) Cool dry season – December to February

b) Hot Dry Season – March to May
Prevailing Winds in the Philippines
1. Northeast Monsoon
2. Southwest Monsoon
1. Northeast Monsoon
• Locally known as Amihan
• It affects the eastern portions of the country from October
up to late March, Starts over Siberia as a cold, dry air mass
but gathers moisture as it travels across the pacific Ocean
before reaching the eastern sections of the Philippines is
characterized by widespread cloudiness with rains and
showers.
2. Southwest Monsoon
• Locally known as Habagat
• It affects the country from July to September, very warm and
humid, occurs when warm moist air flows over the country
from the southwest direction, is characterized by heavy
rainfall that may last for weeks.
• It brings rainy season to the western portion of the country.
Challenges in Areas with Tropical Climate
1. High Temperature Level (Heat)
• Heat gain due to direct solar radiation
• Heat gain due to reflected solar radiation
• Heat wave due to Long wave radiation
• Heat transfer (Convections)
Challenges in Areas with Tropical Climate
2. High Humidity Levels
• Water content in the air an on the body does not
evaporate as fast resulting in very low comfort level
3. Slow Wind Velocities
4. High Precipitation Levels During Rainy Days
5. High Incidence of Typhoons
6. Abundance of Insects and Rodents due to Damp Ground
Conditions.
Design Objectives in Tropical Climates
1. Minimize Heat Gain
• Protect from Direct and reflected Solar Radiation within a
given urban or interior space
• Prevent Occurrence of Long wave radiation within a given
orb or interior space
• Prevent materials from storing heat/Protect materials from
heat gain
Design Objectives in Tropical Climates
2. Maximize Ventilation
3. Prevent Unnecessary increase in Humidity Levels
4. Have good drainage systems to accommodate high
annual precipitation
5. Protect spaces from insects and rodents
Bioclimatic Building Design
• Bioclimatic buildings are characterized by the use of
building elements including walls, windows, roofs and
floors to collect, store and distribute solar thermal energy
and prevent overheating.
• It involves the cooling of built environment by rejecting
the unwanted heat.
• Bioclimatic architecture is a way of designing buildings
based on the local climate, with the aim of ensuring
thermal comfort using environmental resources.
Passive Cooling
Low energy design that uses a building’s morphology and
construction to maintain a comfortable temperature within
the building.
Passive Cooling systems that can be used in
Building Design.
1. Building Configuration
2. Built from Orientation
3. Façade Design
4. Solar Control Devices
5. Daylight Concepts
6. Color of the Building Envelope
7. Vertical Landscaping
8. Use of Wind and Natural Ventilation
Basic Techniques to increase the energy of
buildings
1. Siting and Organizing building configuration and massing to reduce
loads
2. Reducing cooling loads by elimination undesirable solar heat gain
3. Reducing Heating loads by using desirable solar heat gain
4. Use Natural light as substitute for electrical lighting
5. Using natural ventilation whenever possible
6. Using more efficient heating and cooling equipment to satisfy
reduces loads
7. Using computerize building control system
Planning Concepts that affect the energy
performance of a building
1. Site Selection
2. Site Layout
3. Building Configuration
4. Building Shape
5. Building Orientation
6. Spacing and Spatial relationships with other buildings
Passive Cooling Through Orientation
• Building Orientation can also be used in passive cooling by aligning
the wide sides of a building parallel to the East West Axis. This
reduces the of the building
Passive Cooling Through Site Layout
Factors that affects the macroclimatic conditions in the site:
• Time of the Day
• Vegetation and Soil Type
• Man-made structures
• Topography
• Proximity to Bodies of Water
• Time of the Day
Day and night will produce two quite different conditions,
sometimes reversing the direction of the prevailing wind. This
particularly the case in the mountain regions, where air will rise up a
mountain during the day and fall during the night. Large bodies of
water can also have the effect of reversing the wind flow as day turns
to night
• Vegetation and Soil Type
Vegetation can produce enclosed conditions, either altering or reducing the
wind speed or direction. The heat capacity, color, and water content soil will
affect the amount of heat absorption and therefore the ground temperature.
This can have a significant effect in the microclimate because the ground
temperature influences pressure systems.
• Man Made Structures
The built environment can significantly alter a microclimate.
Overall, wind speed will be 25% lower in built up areas, though very
high local wind speeds can occur due to urban canyons (Buildings and
streets that channel wind flow)
• Topography
Generally wind speeds will increase with altitude. The steeper
the slope of the land, the faster the temperature will drop at night. And
this will alter the wind direction. Topography of the earth’s surface has
a major effect on microclimate, diverting or blocking winds, are
therefore more desirable than north facing slopes.
• Proximity to Bodies of water
The Proximity of land to water mass will create air currents. Water has a high
heat capacity and therefore a large water mass will not absorb heat as quickly,
but will retain it longer than a similar area of land mass. Temperature changes
over water therefore tend to be more moderate and produce a different
pressure difference can generate daily alternating land and sea breezes.
Passive Cooling through Façade Design
• Double Glazed Façades
• Uses two panel of glass installed parallel to each other with an air space in
between. The air space provides both thermal and acoustic insulation.
• Dynamic Louvers
• This can be uses internally. Their control can be either manual or power
assisted and may be automated to respond to changing conditions such as
current radiation levels and daylighting.
• Thermal Insulation
• Three basic types of Insulation
• Surface Insulation – Use on surface like roofs
• Internal Insulation – Use in between gaps of structural
members such as blankets
• Air Space – Formed between structural components
Passive Cooling Through Solar Control
Basic Concepts in Solar Control in Tropical Climate
Sun Shading Devices
Sun Shading Devices
Sun Shading Devices
Sun Shading Devices
Sun Shading Devices
Sun Shading Devices
Sun Shading Devices
Sun Shading Devices
Sun Shading Devices
Sun Shading Devices
Sun Shading Devices
Sun Shading Devices
Sun Shading Devices
Sun Shading Devices
Horizontal Types
Sun Shading Devices
Horizontal Types
Sun Shading Devices
Vertical Types
Sun Shading Devices
Vertical Types

Tropical Design 1

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Tropical Design 1

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Tropical Design

2. Dry Seasons – Occurs from December to May

a) Cool dry season – December to February

You might also like