Subatomic Particles

Alvin Leo T. Suasin

 Subatomic Particles
Particle Symbol Mass in Mass in Kg Relative
amu Charge
Electron e- 0.00055 9.11x10-31 -1
Proton P+ 1.00728 1.672x10-27 +1
Neutron n0 1.00867 1.675x10-27 0
• Electrons are discovered by John Joseph Thomson
• Protons are discovered by Eugene
Goldstein(1886)/Ernest Rutherford(1911)
• Neutrons are discovered by James Chadwick
Cathode Ray Experiment
 Cathode Ray Experiment
Observation
1. Ray bends in magnetic field
2. Ray bends toward positive plate
in magnetic field
3. Ray is identical in any cathode
Conclusion
Consist of charged particle
Consist of negative particle
Particles found in all matter
Discovery of Protons
Mass Number and Atomic
Number
 Mass Number (A) and Atomic
Number (Z)
Mass number is the sum of the number of protons and number
of neutrons.
Atomic number is the number of protons.
Example:
Atomic number of lithium (Li) is 3, therefore lithium has 3
protons (p+).
Mass number of lithium (Li) is 7, therefore the sum of protons
and neutrons is equal to 7.
7- 3 = 4, therefore there are 4 neutrons
 Mass Number (A) and Atomic
Number (Z)
The atomic number of sodium is 11 and mass number is 23.
1. How many protons are there?
2. How neutrons are there?
3. What is the sum of protons and neutrons?
Answers:
4. 11
5. 12
6. 23
 For a neutral atom the number of protons
is equal to the number of electrons.

For a neutral lithium (Li) the number of protons is 3,

therefore the number electrons is also 3.
For a neutral hydrogen (H) the number of protons is
1, therefore the number of electrons is also 1.
 Element Atomic Mass Number Number Number
Number Number of of of
(Z) (A) protons neutrons electron
(p+) (n0) s (e-)
boron 5 11 a. b. c.
(B)
a. 5
b. 6 neon 10 20 d. e. f.
(Ne)
c. 5
d. 10 chlorine g. h. 17 18 i.
e. 10 (Cl)
f. 10
g. 17
h. 35
i. 17