Structure of an Atom

Directions: Below are the samples of matter in solid, liquid and gas
Review state. Write the new state of matter that will form after adding HOT or
COLD, then choose the phase change inside the box.
Atomic Structure
Matter is made up of smallest
particle called atom. Scientist
proved that there are three
types of subatomic particles of
an atom. These are the protons
(positively charged particle),
electrons (negatively charged
particle), and neutrons (neutral
charged particle).
Atomic Structure

 Proton is a subatomic particle that

identifies the atom of an element and
carries a positive charge.
Electron is the lightest subatomic
particle and carries a negative charge.
Neutron is one of the massive parts of
an atom located at the nucleus and
carries a neutral charge.
Nucleus is located at the center of an
atom where positive charge particles
and most of its mass is found.
 Atomic Structure
Subatomic particle Location in the Atom
(symbol)

Electrons (e-) Outside nucleus

Protons (p+) Nucleus

Neutrons (n°) Nucleus

The sub-atomic particles
 Neutral atom of each element contains an equal
number of protons and electrons.

Copper, has an atomic number of 29, which means that an atom of

copper has 29 protons, and if it is neutral, 29 electrons as well. (Atoms
are electrically neutral in charge because they have the same number of
negative electrons and positive protons.)

Example
 Atomic Mass and Atomic Number

All elements are listed in the Periodic Table

of Elements are arranged by atomic number
The atomic number of an element is equal to
the number of protons in the nuclei of any of
its atoms.
 Atomic number – Atomic symbol – a short
represents both the number
hand way or writing each
of protons and electrons in
element’s name.x
an element

Example:

Atomic Number is the number of protons in the

nucleus of an atom and also the sequence
number of the element on the periodic table. (The
number of protons determines an element’s
atomic number and is used to distinguish one Atomic mass – the weight
element from another). of an element
Atomic mass is the .
How to Find the Number of Neutrons in an Atom
1. Get a periodic table of elements. The periodic table is a
chart that organizes elements by their atomic structure.
Element symbols and other information about elements can
be found in the periodic table of elements. Elements in the
periodic table are arranged in increasing atomic number and
separates them into groups of metals, non-metals and
metalloids.
2. To find the elements in the periodic table, refer to its group
(columns) and period (rows).
3. Locate the element’s atomic number. The atomic number is
located above the element symbol, in the upper left-hand
corner of the square. The atomic number will tell you how
protons make up a single atom of an element.
• For example, nitrogen (N) has an atomic number of 7,
therefore it has 7 protons.
How to Find the Number of Neutrons in an Atom
4. Determine the number of electrons. Protons are particles
in the nucleus of an atom that have a positive charge equal to
+1. Electrons are particles that have a negative charge equal
to -1. Therefore, an element in a neutral state will have the
same number of protons and electrons.
• For example, nitrogen (N) has an atomic number of 7,
therefore it has 7 protons and 7 electrons.
• However, if the element includes a negative or positive ion,
then the protons and electrons will not be the same. You will
have to calculate them. The ion number will appear as a
small superscript after the element
How to Find the Number of Neutrons in an Atom
5. Look for the atomic mass of the element. To
find the number of neutrons, you will first need to
find the atomic mass. An element’s atomic mass
(also known as the atomic weight) is the weighted
average mass of atoms of an element. The atomic
mass can be found underneath the symbol for the
element.
• Make sure that you round off the atomic mass to
the nearest whole number. For example, the
atomic mass of nitrogen is 14.007, but you can
just round off the atomic mass up to 14.
How to Find the Number of Neutrons in an Atom
6. Subtract the atomic number from the atomic
mass. To find the number of neutrons, you
will need to subtract the atomic number from the
atomic mass. Remember that the
atomic number is the same as the number of
protons, which you have already identified.

• For our nitrogen example, 14 (atomic mass) – 7 (atomic number) = 7 neutrons

14 (atomic mass)- 7 (atomic no.)=7 neutrons

 FORMUL
Atomic number (Z) = A
e =p
- +

mass number (A)= p+ +no

Number of neutrons (no)= A- p+

Where:
Z= atomic number
A=mass number
e- =number of electrons
p+ =number of protons
no =number of neutrons
Elements are pure substances made up of only one type of atom.
Each element has distinctive number of protons, electrons, neutrons,
atomic number,
and atomic mass.

Atomic number
for beryllium atom:
• atomic number = 4
• atomic mass = 9 (rounded off)
Symbol
• proton (+) = 4
• electron (-) = 4
Element name • neutron (0) = 5
Atomic mass
 Atomic number for beryllium atom:
• atomic number = 4
• atomic mass = 9 (rounded off)
Symbol
• proton (+) = 4
Element name • electron (-) = 4
Atomic mass • neutron (0) = 5

How do we get those numbers?

for neutral atom:
number of protons = number of electrons = atomic number
atomic mass = number of protons + number of neutrons
number of neutron = atomic mass - atomic number
 Calculating number of protons, electrons and
neutrons

How many protons(p+ ), electrons(e- ), and

neutrons(no ) are there in a Gold atom?

Atomic number (Z) = e- =p+

mass number (A)= p+ +no
Number of neutrons (no)= A- p+

Mass number(A)=197
Atomic number(Z)=79
protons(p+ )=79
electrons(e- )=79
Number of neutrons (no)= A- p+
=
197-79
=118
Let us practice
 Calculating number of protons, electrons and
neutrons

How many protons(p+ ), electrons(e- ), and

neutrons(no ) are there in a Sodium atom?

Atomic number (Z) = e- =p+

mass number (A)= p+ +no
Number of neutrons (no)= A- p+

Mass number(A)=23
Atomic number(Z)=11
protons(p+ )=11
electrons(e- )=11
Number of neutrons (no)= A- p+
=
23-11
=12
 Activity ! Supply the needed information.
Elements Symbol Atomic Atomic No. of No. of
mass number protons/ neutrons
electrons
Hydrogen
Lithium
Silicon
Potassium
 Activity ! Supply the needed information.
Elements Symbol Atomic Atomic No. of No. of
mass number protons/ neutrons
electrons
Rubidium
Cesium
Francium
Beryllium
 Activity ! Supply the needed information.
Elements Symbol Atomic Atomic No. of No. of
mass number protons/ neutrons
electrons

Radon

Uranium
 Activity ! Supply the needed information.
Elements Atomic No. of No. of No. of
mass protons neutrons electrons
Hydrogen

Lithium

Silicon

Potassiu
m
Rubidium

Cesium

Francium

Beryllium

Radon

Uranium
 PETA :Supply the needed information.
Elements Symbol Atomic Atomic # No. of No. of
mass electron/ neutron
protons
Ex. Ca 40 20 20 20
calcium
 PETA :Supply the needed information.
Elements Symbol Atomic Atomic # No. of No. of
mass neutrons/ electrons
protons
Ex. Ca 40 20 20 20
calcium
THANK YOU FOR
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