ATOMIC

STRUCTURE
•Objectives

1.To differentiate between the subatomic particles of an atom:

protons, neutrons, and electrons;

–To explain the structure of the nucleus; and

–To discuss what the atomic mass number and atomic number
represent concerning the atoms of an element.
Atoms
 Atoms
• Atoms are the basic building blocks of all
matter.
• EVERYTHING on Earth is made of
atoms…even the air and your body.
 e-
Atoms are made of three particles:
e- + N+
• Protons (+)
N++N
• Neutrons (N)
e-
• Electrons (e-)
Electron
Proton Neutron
 Protons

• Protons
• Located in the nucleus N
• Have a positive charge
• Have a mass of one
 Neutrons

Neutrons
• Located in the nucleus N
N
• Have no charge
• Have a mass of one –similar to the proton N
 Electrons

Electrons
• have a negative charge
e -
• orbit the nucleus of the atom
• are very small (have basically NO
mass)
• in a neutral atom, there are the same
e-
number of protons and electrons
 Atom Structure
Neutron

Proton
+ +
Electron

-
What force holds all the parts of an
atom together?
• It is the electromagnetic force of attraction
between the positive protons in the nucleus
and the negative electrons orbiting around
the nucleus that holds the atom together.




 

Lets take a look deep
inside
Lets take a look deep
inside
Lets take a look deep
inside
Lets take a look deep
inside
+
 This is a Proton.
+
+ Charge
Mass of ONE
Identifies the
atom
 This is a Proton.
+
+ Charge
N
Mass of ONE
Identifies the
atom
 This is a Proton.
+
+ Charge
N
Mass of ONE
Identifies the
atom
e-
This is a Proton.
+
+ Charge
N
Mass of ONE
This is a Neutron Identifies the
No Charge atom

Mass of One
 This is an Electron.
- charge
e-
No Mass
This is a Proton.
+
+ Charge
N
Mass of ONE
This is a Neutron. Identifies the
atom
No Charge
Mass of ONE
 Atomic Number
Elements contain one or more of the same type of atom!
All known elements can be found on the periodic table.

• Elements can be identified by their atomic number.

• The atomic number is the number of PROTONS in the
atoms of an element.
• It can be used like a social security number for people.
• It is used to IDENTIFY the element from the
Periodic Table.
Example:

An element with 6 protons has an atomic number of 6 and is

the element Carbon from the Periodic Table.
 Now You Try
• Identify the element and tell how many
protons it has:
1) Atomic number 7 Nitrogen: 7 protons
2) Atomic Number 20 Calcium: 20 protons

• Identify the element and give its atomic number.

3) 15 protons Phosphorus: Atomic number 15
4) 4 protons Helium: Atomic Number 4
• Give the atomic number and number of protons.
5) Argon Atomic number 18; 18 protons
6) Sulfur Atomic number 16; 16 protons
 Atomic Mass Number
• The atomic mass number includes the
number of protons and neutrons, since they
are the two largest particles in the atom.

• Since they are both located in the nucleus,

the mass of the atom is located
in the nucleus.

 Atomic Mass Number = protons +

neutrons
Using the Periodic Table
Using the Periodic Table

2
Using the Periodic Table

2
 Using the Periodic Table
Atomic Number-
identifies the element.
(also the number of
2
protons)
 Using the Periodic Table
Atomic Number-
identifies the element.
(also the number of
protons) 2
He
 Using the Periodic Table
Atomic Number-
identifies the element.
(also the number of
protons) 2
He
 Using the Periodic Table
Atomic Number-
identifies the element.
(also the number of
protons) 2
Element symbol-
gives the name of the
He
element.
 Using the Periodic Table
Atomic Number-
identifies the element.
(also the number of
protons) 2
Element symbol-
gives the name of the He
element.
4
 Using the Periodic Table
Atomic Number-
identifies the element.
(also the number of
protons) 2
Element symbol-
gives the name of the He
element.
4
 Using the Periodic Table
Atomic Number-
identifies the element.
(also the number of
protons) 2
Element symbol-
gives the name of the He
element.
Atomic mass number-
4
The number of
protons + neutrons.
 Using the Periodic Table
Atomic Number-
identifies the element.
(also the number of
protons) 2
Element symbol-
gives the name of the He
element.
Atomic mass number- 4
The number of
protons + neutrons.
 Now You Try
For the following pictures, give the name of the element, its atomic
number, number of protons, and atomic mass number.

Beryllium Sodium Oxygen

Atomic number 4 Atomic number 11 Atomic number 8
4 protons 11 protons 8 protons
Atomic mass number 9 Atomic mass number 23 Atomic Mass Number 16