MATERI

Materi perkuliahan :
1. Struktur atom dan molekul
2. Konfigurasi elektron
 MATERI
Penilaian :

• Kuis : 15 %
• Tugas terstruktur : 15 %
• Kehadiran : 10 %
• UTS : 25 %
• UAS : 25 %
Atomic Structure
 Atomic Structure
◼ Atom smallest particle of an element capable of
uncombined existence
◼ Molecule is smallest unit of compound or substance;
combination of 2 or more atoms
◼ Contains exceedingly small nucleus with all of the + charge
and most of total mass, protons, neutrons
◼ Electrons equal in number to protons, negative charges
surround nucleus
◼ Hydrogen simplest ( 1 proton, 1 electron)
◼ Helium next (2 protons, 2 electrons, 2 neutrons)
What are the 3 major parts of an
atom?
What are the 3 major parts of an
atom?

• Proton
• Neutron
• Electron
Draw a diagram showing the location of
each part of the atom.
 Draw a diagram showing the location
of each part of the atom.

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Draw a diagram showing the charges
of each part of the atom.
Draw a Diagram of an Atom
Draw a diagram showing the charges of each
part of the atom.
 Describe Proton
• Protons are positively charged particles found in the atomic
nucleus. Protons were discovered by Ernest Rutherford..
 Describe Neutron
• Neutrons are uncharged particles found in the
atomic nucleus. Neutrons were discovered by James
Chadwick in 1932.
 Describe Electron
Electrons are negatively charged particles that surround the
atom's nucleus. Electrons were discovered by J. J. Thomson
in 1897.
Electrons determine properties of the atom. Chemical
reactions involve sharing or exchanging electrons.
 Describe Nucleus
The nucleus is the central part of an atom. It
is composed of protons and neutrons.
The nucleus contains most of an atom's
mass.
It was discovered by Ernest Rutherford in
1911.
 Subatomic Particles
Particle Charge Mass (g) Location

Electron
(e-) -1 9.11 x 10-28 Electron cloud

Proton
(p+) +1 1.67 x 10-24 Nucleus
Neutron
(no) 0 1.67 x 10-24 Nucleus
 Complete Symbols
• Contain the symbol of the element, the mass
number and the atomic number.

Mass
Superscript → number

Subscript →
Atomic
number X
 Atomic Number
• Atoms are composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons
– How then are atoms of one element different from another
element?
• Elements are different because they contain different numbers
of PROTONS
• The “atomic number” of an element is the number of protons in
the nucleus
• # protons in an atom = # electrons
 Atomic Number
Atomic number (Z) of an element is the number of protons in the
nucleus of each atom of that element.

Element # of protons Atomic # (Z)

Carbon 6 6

Phosphorus 15 15

Gold 79 79
 Mass Number
Mass number is the number of protons and neutrons in the
nucleus of an isotope:

Mass # = p+ + n0

Nuclide p+ n0 e- Mass #
Oxygen - 18 8 10 8 18

Arsenic - 75 33 42 33 75

Phosphorus- 31 15 16 15 31
EXAMPLE
How many protons, neutrons and electrons are found in an
atom of
133
55 Cs
Atomic number = protons and electrons
There are 55 protons and 55 electrons

Mass number = sum of protons and neutrons

133 – 55 = 78
There are 78 neutrons
Hydrogen
Protons: 1
Neutrons: 0
1 Electrons: 1

1 H
Sodium Protons: 11
Neutrons: 12
Electrons: 11
23

11 Na
– When an atom or molecule gain or loses an electron, it
becomes an ion.
• A cation has lost an electron and therefore has a
positive charge
• An anion has gained an electron and therefore has a
negative charge.
 Charge
Atomic Mass
(if ion)
Symbol
Atomic Number
Sodium Protons: 11
Neutrons: 12
Electrons: 10

23
Na+
11
 Symbols
Find each of these:
a) number of protons
b) number of neutrons 80
c) number of electrons 35 Br
d) Atomic number
e) Mass Number
 Symbols
If an element has an atomic number of 34 and
a mass number of 78, what is the:
a) number of protons
b) number of neutrons
c) number of electrons
d) complete symbol
 Symbols
If an element has 91 protons and 140
neutrons what is the
a) Atomic number
b) Mass number
c) number of electrons
d) complete symbol
 Symbols
If an element has 78 electrons and 117
neutrons what is the
a) Atomic number
b) Mass number
c) number of protons
d) complete symbol
Rhenium

186

75 Re
Rhenium isotope

187

75 Re
• Isotop adalah atom-atom yang mempunyai nomor
atom sama, tetapi nomor massanya berbeda.
– Contoh : 126 C , 13
6 C

• Isobar adalah atom-atom yang mempunyai nomor

atom berbeda, tetapi nomor massanya sama.
– Contoh :
14 14
6 N 7 N

• Isoton adalah atom-atom yang mempunyai nomor

atom berbeda, tetapi jumlah neutronnnya sama.
– Contoh : 13
6 C 14
7 N
• Contoh soal
– Tentukan jumlah proton dan neutron dalam
isotop-isotop berikut ini:
1
1 H , 21 H, 31 H, 12
6 C, 14
6 C, 14
7 N, 15
7 N, 23
11 Na, 24
11 Na, dan 24
12 Mg