Theories of

Intelligence
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 01
General Intelligence (G
Factor)
- Introduced by Charles Spearman
- refers to the existence of a mental capacity that influences the
performance on cognitive level.
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 Components of General
Intelligence
● Fluid Reasoning
– ability to think flexibly and solve problems.

● Knowledge
– a person’s general understanding of a wide ranged of topics
and can be equated with crystallized intelligence.

● Quantitative Reasoning
-involves an individual’s capacity to solve problems that
involve numbers.

● Visual-Spatial Processing
-relates to a person’s abilities to interpret and manipulate
visual information.
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● Working Memory
-involves the use of short-term memory
 02
Thurstone’s Multiple Factor
Theory (Primary Mental
Abilities)
- Introduced by Louis Leon Thurstone
-focuses on the seven different primary mental abilities
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 Primary Mental Abilities
• Associative memory
-the ability to memorize and recall

• Numerical ability
-the ability to solve arithmetic problems

• Perceptual speed
-the ability to see differences and similarities among objects

• Reasoning
-the ability to find rules

• Spatial visualization
- the ability to visualize relationships

• Verbal comprehension
-the ability to define and understand words
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• Word fluency
- the ability to produce words rapidly
 03
Theory of Multiple Intelligences

- Introduced by Howard Gardner

-proposes that people are not born with all of the intelligence they
will ever have.
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 Eight Intelligences
• Bodily-kinesthetic intelligence
-The ability to control your body movements and to handle objects skillfully

• Interpersonal intelligence
-The capacity to detect and respond appropriately to the moods, motivations, and desires of others

• Intrapersonal intelligence
-The capacity to be self-aware and in tune with inner feelings, values, beliefs, and thinking processes

• Logical-mathematical intelligence
-The ability to think conceptually and abstractly, and the capacity to discern logically or numerical patterns

• Musical intelligence
-The ability to produce and appreciate rhythm, pitch, and timbre

• Naturalistic intelligence
-The ability to recognize and categorize animals, plants, and other objects in nature

• Verbal-linguistic intelligence
-Well-developed verbal skills and sensitivity to the sounds, meanings, and rhythms of words
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• Visual-spatial intelligence
-The capacity to think in images and pictures, to visualize accurately and abstractly
 04
Triarchic Theory of Intelligence

- Introduced by Robert Sternberg

- In this theory, intelligence is defined in terms of the ability to
achieve success in life based on one's personal standards–and
within one's sociocultural context.
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 Factors of Successful
•Intelligence
Analytical intelligence
- ability to evaluate information and solve problems

• Creative intelligence
- ability to come up with new ideas

• Practical intelligence
- ability to adapt to a changing environment
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