Ms.

Sarah Castillo | Instructor

Mathematical Language and
Symbols
How do we call these
symbols? 1
4 5

7
6
MATHEMATICAL LANGUAGE
 Is the system used to communicate mathematical ideas. It is more precise that
any other language one may think of.
 It has its own grammar, it uses numbers , letters and symbols (operation
/grouping/relation/ special symbols)
MATHEMATICAL EXPRESSIONS
It consist of terms, the term is separated from other terms with either
plus or minus signs.
 A single term may consist an expression in parentheses or other
grouping symbols.
 Equation  is a statement that the two expressions are equal.

2x + 5 = 21
2x = 21 -5
2x = 16
x = 16/2
x=8
4 ( x + 6 ) - 11 = 25
4x + 24 - 11 = 25
4x + 13 = 25
4x = - 13 + 25
x = 12/4
x =3
2x + 3 ( x – 5 ) = 15
2x + 3x - 15 = 15
5x - 15 = 15
5x = 15 + 15
x = 30/5
x=6
MATHEMATICAL SENTENCE
 A statement about the relationship between two expressions. An
expression is composed of numbers, variables or a combination of both
and are sometimes joined by operators such as "+," "-," "/" or "*.
 A combination of two expressions with a comparison operator to create a
fact that may be either true or false.

1. 4x + 3 = 12 5. 6 + 8 = 2  × 7 
2. 6y – 50 = 100
6. ( 3 x 3 ) + 2 = ( 2 x 5 ) + 1
3. 58 – m > 25
4. a + b + c < 99
Closed Sentence
 A mathematical statement or equation that is either true or false.
A. Examples of true closed B. Examples of false closed
sentences: sentences:
1. 9 is an odd number. 1. 5 is divisible by 3.
2. 4 + 4 = 8 2. 4 + 4 = 5
3. 10 - 1 = 9 3. 10 - 1 = 8
4. 6 - 6 = 0
4. 6 - 6 = -1
5. The square root of 4 is 2.
5. The square root of 4 is 1.
OPEN SENTENCE
 An open sentence uses variables, meaning that it is not known
whether or not the mathematical sentence is true or false.
A variable is a quantity that may change within the context of
a mathematical problem or experiment. The letters x, y, and z are
common generic symbols used for variables.
Solution set is a value or values of the variable that makes
the statement true.
2x + 3 ( x - 5 ) = 15 { 3, 4, 6, }
2 ( 3 ) + 3 ( 3 – 5 ) = 15
6 + 3 ( -2 ) = 15
6 - 6 = 15
0 ≠ 15
2x + 3 ( x - 5 ) = 15
2 ( 4 ) + 3 ( 4 - 5 ) = 15
8 + 3 ( - 1 ) = 15
8 - 3 = 15
5 ≠ 15
2x + 3 ( x - 5 ) = 15 { 3, 4, 6, }
2 ( 6 ) + 3 ( 6 - 5 ) = 15
12 + 3 ( 1 ) = 15
12 + 3 = 15
15 = 15 True
Solution set is 6
Illustrative Examples:
Given the replacement sets, determine whether each of the following
open sentences is true or false.

1. 4 ( x - 2 ) + 2 = 4x - 2 ( 2 - x ) { 3, 2 , -1 }
4(3–2) +2 = 4(3) -2(2–3 )
4(1) +2 = 12 - 2 (-1 )
4 +2 = 12 + 2
6 ≠ 14
Illustrative Examples:
Given the replacement sets, determine whether each of the following
open sentences is true or false.

1. 4 ( x - 2 ) + 2 = 4 x - 2 ( 2 - x ) { 3, 2 , -1 }
4( 2–2) + 2 =4(2) - 2(2–2)
4(0) + 2 = 8 - 2 (0)
2 ≠ 8
Illustrative Examples:
Given the replacement sets, determine whether each of the following
open sentences is true or false.
4 ( x - 2 ) + 2 = 4 x - 2 ( 2 - x ) { 3, 2 , -1 }
4 ( - 1 - 2 ) + 2 = 4 ( -1 ) - 2 [ 2 - ( -1 ) ]
4 ( - 3 ) + 2 = -4 - 2 ( 2 + 1 )
-12 + 2 = -4 - 2 ( 3 )
-10 = - 4 - 6
-10 = -10 True
Solution Set is -1
3. 3/2 + 3x/5 = 9/2 + 4x/5 { 10 , -15, - 5 }
3/2 + 3 ( 10 )/ 5 = 9/2 + 4 ( 10 )/5
3/2 + 30/5 = 9/2 + 40/5
3/2 + 6/1 = 9/2 + 8/1
3 + 12 = 9 + 16
2 2 LCD
15/2 ≠ 25/2

3/2 + 3 ( -15 )/5 = 9/2 + 4 ( -15 )/5

3/ 2 - 45/5 = 9/2 - 60/5
3/2 - 9/1 = 9/2 - 12/1
3 - 18 = 9 - 24
2 2
-15/2 = -15/2 True
Sol. Set is -15
3. 3/2 + 3x/5 = 9/2 + 4x/5 { 10 , -15, - 5 }
3/ 2 + 3 ( -5 )/5 = 9/2 + 4 ( -5 )/5
3/2 - 15/5 = 9/2 - 20/5
3/2 -3/1 = 9/2 - 4/1
3 -6 = 9 -8
2 2
-3/ 2 ≠ ½
x + 1 = 1 + x { 4 , 3, 2 }
3 2 4
4+1 = 1 + 4
3 2 4
5/3 = ½ + 1/1
5/3 = 1 + 2
2
5/3 ≠ 3/2
x + 1 = 1 + x { 4 , 3, 2 }
3 2 4
2+ 1 = 1 + 2
3 2 4
3/3 = ½ + 2/4
3/3 = 2 + 2
4
3/3 = 4/4
1 = 1 True
Sol. Set is 2
x + 1 = 1 + x { 4 , 3, 2 }
3 2 4
3+1 = 1 + 3
3 2 4
4/3 = ½ + 3/4
5/3 = 2 + 3
4
5/3 ≠ 5/4