Grade 6: Unit 2

MIXTURE
Most of our everyday encounter with matter comes in the
form of mixtures. The shampoo that you use is a mixture.
This is because it is made up of different materials that keep
your hair clean and healthy. The coffee that your father
makes is another example of a mixture. He adds a
teaspoonful of coffee to a cup of hot water to make a
mixture. Even the cereals with fruits and milk served for
your breakfast is a mixture. Tossing together different
vegetables and fruits for salad makes a mixture.

What do you think makes a mixture?

● Matter can undergo physical change or chemical change.
○ A physical change occurs when no new product is formed.
○ A chemical change occurs when a new product is formed

● It can be classified into two: pure substance and mixture.

○ A pure substance is made up of only one kind of atom or molecule. ○ A mixture is
made up of different substances.
 Lesson 2.1:
Classifying Mixtures
Mixture
•It is a combination of two or more pure substances combined through physical means in varying
proportions.
•The component substances of a mixture do not chemically react to one another.
•Each component in a mixture retains its original properties.

Example of a mixture is a salt and pepper mixture. Salt and pepper are
physically mixed. The salt will remain salty while the pepper will also
remain spicy
Since the components of a mixture are combined physically, the components
can be easily separated by physical means. To separate salt and pepper,
1. dissolve the salt-pepper mixture in water. Water dissolves the salt.
2. filter the mixture to separate pepper. The pepper remains in the filter
paper.
3. The filtered water is then evaporated to obtain salt in the solid form again.
Homogeneous Mixture
A homogeneous mixture is a type of mixture that looks the same all throughout. The
components of the mixture are spread out evenly throughout. The word homo means the
same. In a homogeneous mixture, the components are hard to distinguish from one
another. Each component has no visible boundaries. Since it is a mixture, the original
characteristics of each of the components do not change.

The air you breath is a mixture of different gases in the atmosphere. Air is an example of
homogeneous mixtures
Shown below are other examples of homogeneous mixtures.
Example
Heterogeneous Mixture
A heterogeneous mixture is a type of mixture that does not have a consistent
appearance all throughout. The word hetero means different. The components of a
heterogeneous mixture can be distinguished from one another. It may have two or
more phases each separated by visible boundaries.

Your favorite halo halo is an example of a

heterogeneous mixture. The ice, mungo, sago, ube,
leche flan, gulaman and other of its mouth-watering
components are still distinguishable from one
another.
Example
Key Points
•A mixture is a combination of two or more pure substances combined through physical
means in varying proportions.
Check Your Understanding
Identify if the mixture is homogeneous or heterogeneous.
B. Identify if the mixture is homogeneous or heterogeneous.
1. milk
2. sand and water
3. soy sauce
4. Ketchup
5. powdered chocolate drink
Write true if the statement describes a mixture. Otherwise, write false.
1. Mixtures are combinations of two or more component substances.
2. The word homo means different.
3. A homogeneous mixture has a constant appearance all throughout.
4. The components in a heterogeneous mixture are distinguishable..
5. Each component in a mixture keeps its original properties.
6. The components of heterogeneous mixtures cannot be distinguished.
7. The components of homogeneous mixtures have specific boundaries.
8. Homogeneous mixtures have components that do not dissolve into the more abundant
component.
9. The combined substances in a mixture need to have the same quantities.
10. In a heterogeneous mixture, the component in fewer amounts does not blend with the
component in greater amounts.
Lesson 2.2:
Homogenous Mixtures: Solutions
To wake you up in the morning, you always
prepare hot chocolate for breakfast. In
preparing the drink, you dissolve the chocolate
powder in a cup of hot water. The chocolate
drink prepared is an example of a solution, a
type of homogeneous mixture.

What are the characteristics of a solution?

 A homogeneous mixture is also called a solution. It is composed of a
solute and a solvent.

• A solute is the substance being dissolved.

• A solvent is the dissolving medium in a solution.

Fig. 4. A solution is made up of a solute and a solvent.

Examples of solutions are
soft drinks, and alcohol.
Types of Solutions
Solutions are broadly classified by the physical state of the solvent.
1.Liquid solutions are solutions where the solvent is a liquid.
It is the most common type of solution. Seawater is an example of a liquid solution. Salts
of calcium and sodium are the solute while water is the solvent in seawater.
2.Solid solutions are solutions where the solvent is a solid.
An example of a solid solution are alloys, which is a metal dissolved in another metal.
3.Gaseous solutions are solutions where the solvent is a gas.
Air is an example of a gaseous solution. It is composed of several gases dissolved in
nitrogen gas, the most abundant component gas in the atmosphere.
Key Points
 Homogeneous mixtures are mixtures whose components cannot be distinguished
from each other,
● Homogeneous mixtures are also called solutions.
● A liquid solution is a solution where the solvent is liquid.
● A solid solution is a solution where the solvent is solid.
● A gaseous solution is a solution where the solvent is gas.
Check Your Understanding
Identify the solute and the solvent in the following solutions.
 Lesson 2.3:

Heterogeneous Mixtures:
Suspensions and Colloids
Have you tried mixing oil and water together?
When you mix oil and water, they do not blend
together. You will see a separate layer for water
and another layer for oil. The oil-water mixture
is an example of a heterogeneous mixture.

What are the characteristics of a heterogeneous mixture?

Learn about It!
Heterogeneous Mixture
• It is a type of mixture that has a non-uniform composition and appearance all throughout.
• The components of a heterogeneous mixture can be distinguished from one another.
• It may have two or more phases each separated by visible boundaries.
• There are two types of heterogeneous mixtures: suspensions and colloids.

Sand in water is an example of a suspension. At first, the mixture produces a hazy mixture.
After some time, the sand will settle at the bottom of the layer. It forms two distinct layers of
sand and water.
Suspension
 When a solid does not dissolve in a liquid, a suspension is formed.
 In a suspension, undissolved solutes are merely suspended in the bulk of the solvent.
 A separate, distinct layer from the solvent will be formed upon settling due to the
influence of gravity.
 Particles of a suspension are larger than particles of a solution.

Examples
Other examples of suspensions are:
● mud (soil suspended in water);
● dust (solid soot and ash particles suspended in air); and
● blood (blood cells suspended in liquid plasma and water).
Colloid
 It consists of a dispersed phase (solute-like particles)and a dispersing medium(solvent-
like medium)that looks like homogeneous mixtures.
 It does not separate or take a very long time to separate.
 It is considered as an intermediate between the homogeneous nature of solutions and
the heterogeneous nature of suspensions.
 The particle size of the dispersed phase colloids is between the size of solutions and
suspensions.
 Colloids appear homogeneous but their particles are not evenly distributed throughout
the bulk of the medium.
Examples
Gaseous
colloids

Liquid
colloids

Solid
colloids
Key Points
● A suspension is a heterogeneous mixture whose solutes do not completely dissolve.
The undissolved solute settles into clumps when left alone.
● A colloid is a heterogeneous mixture whose solute-like particles can be dispersed.
● A gaseous colloid has gas as its dispersing medium.
● A liquid colloid has liquids as its dispersing medium.
● A solid colloid has solids as its dispersing medium.
Check Your Understanding

A. Listed below are heterogeneous mixtures. Identify if it is a suspension or a

colloid.
1. whipping cream 9. gelatin
2. vinegar and oil mixture 10. butter
3. cornstarch in water
4. ketchup
5. mayonnaise
6. muddy water
7. dust in air
8. chalk in water
Classify the following colloids according to the state of the dispersed medium
and dispersed phase.

1. whipping cream
2. gelatin
3. lotion
4. furniture spray
5. fog
 Lesson 2.4:
Differentiating Solutions, Suspensions,
and Colloids
Your teacher placed a glass of milk, coffee, and
an oil-water mixture on the table. You are then
instructed to observe the three glasses. You are
asked to identify which among the three is a
solution, suspension, and a colloid.

How are you going to identify which is a solution, a

suspension, and a colloid?
Learn about It!
A solution is a homogeneous mixture while suspensions and colloids are
heterogeneous mixtures.

Difference in Particle Sizes

•In a solution, the particles in a solution are very
small that our eye cannot see it.
•In a suspension, the particles are very large that
our eyes can see these particles.
•In between the particle size of solutions and
suspensions are colloids.
Dispersion of Particles
•In a solution, the solute particles are evenly dispersed in the solvent. Hence, the
particles do not settle upon standing.
•In a suspension, particles do not really dissolve. After standing, the particles of a
suspension settle.
•Although the particles in a colloid are evenly distributed, the particles are not totally
dissolved. Particles also do not settle upon standing.
The Tyndall Effect
Colloidal particles exhibit Brownian movement and cause Tyndall effect.
•Brownian movement is the random movement of particles suspended in gas or liquid.
•This random motion of particles causes the scattering of light or Tyndall effect.
The Tyndall Effect
Tyndall effect is usually demonstrated by passing a ray of light through a sample mixture.

•When light passes through a given mixture, the

mixture is a solution.
•When light does not pass through a given mixture,
the mixture is a suspension.
•When light passes through a given mixture and the
light scatters, the mixture is a colloid.
 Key Points
● Tyndall effect is the scattering of light caused by the random movement of particles.
○ When light passes through a given mixture, the mixture is a solution.
○ When light does not pass through a given mixture, the mixture is a suspension.
○ When light passes through a given mixture and the light scatters, the mixture is a
colloid.
● Brownian movement is the random movement of particles.
Check Your Understanding

Classify the following as solution, colloid or suspension.

1. mayonnaise
2. muddy water
3. rubbing alcohol
4. whipped cream
5. dust