Classification of

Matter &
Separating of
Mixtures
 LEARNING OBJECTIVES
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
_ _Differentiate
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _between
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _pure
_ _ _ _ _substance
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _and
_ _ _ _ _mixture,
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_ _Differentiate
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _between
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ homogeneous
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _mixtures
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ and
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_heterogeneous
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mixture,
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_ _Describe
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _separation
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _techniques
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _for
_ _ _ _mixtures
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _and
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_ compounds,
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _and
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
_ _ Apply
_ _ _ _ _ _ _simple
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _separation
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _techniques
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _such
_ _ _ _ _ as
_ _ _ distillation,
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_ _chromatography,
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 mixtures
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•A
_ _ _combination
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _of
_ _ _two
_ _ _ _or
_ _ _more
_ _ _ _ _ _substances
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ that
_ _ _ _ _do
_ _ _not
_ _ _ _react
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chemically with each other and retain their distinct
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identities despite their being combined
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_ _ _ _ _HOMOGENEOUS
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ HETEROGENEOUS
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_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _MIXTURE
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _MIXTURE
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 HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURE
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■_ _ _Made up of only one phase.
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■_ _ _The
_ _ _ _ composition
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _is
_ _the
_ _ _ _same
_ _ _ _ _ _ throughout
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_ _ _the
_ _ _ _mixture
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■_ _ _Can
_ _ _ _ _be
_ _ _separated
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _only
_ _ _ _ _by
_ _ _ physical
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_ _ _methods
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _such
_ _ _ _ _ as
_ _ _ evaporation
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ and
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filtration.
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■
_ _ _Can
_ _ _ _ _be:
_ _ _ _SOLUTION
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _OR
_ _ _ _COLLOIDS
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 HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURE
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_ _ _ _ _ _ SOLUTIONS
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ COLLOIDS
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•_ _ _Solute:
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ substance _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _•_ _ _Colloidal
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _dispersion.
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dissolved in the solution
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ •_ _ _Have
_ _ _ _ _ particles
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _bigger
_ _ _ _ _ _than
_ _ _ _ _those
___
• _ _ Solvent:
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _substance
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _that
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _of
_ _solution
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _but
_ _ _smaller
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ than
_ _ _ _ _those
___
dissolves a solute. of a suspension.
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 HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURE
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_ _ _Is_ _ made
_ _ _ _ _ _ _up
_ _ _of
_ _ _more
_ _ _ _ _ _than
_ _ _ _ _one
_ _ _ _ _phases.
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_ _ _Composition
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ is
_ _ _not
_ _ _ _uniform
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _throughput
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_ _ _the
_ _ _ _mixtures
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_ _ _It_ _can
_ _ _ _only
_ _ _ _ _separated
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _through
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _physical
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_ _ _method
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_ _ _Can
_ _ _ _ _be:
_ _ _ _SUSPENSION
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 Pure-substances
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matter with definite or fixed composition and distinct

_ _• _A
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properties
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ELEMENTS COMPOUNDS
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 ELEMENTS
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• _ Simplest
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _form
_ _ _ _ _ _of
_ _matter.
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• _A_ _ substance
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _that
_ _ _ _ composed
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _only
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_ one
_ _ _ _ _kind
_ _ _ _ _of
_ _ atom
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• _ It_ _ cannot
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _be
_ _ _ decomposed
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ into
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_ simpler
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _substances
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ through
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_ _ordinary
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _chemical
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _means.
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•_ _Can_ _ _ _ _be
_ _ _classified
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ as:
_ _ _ _Metals,
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Nonmetals, and Metalloids.
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 ELEMENTS
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Metals
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•_Shiny and has certain luster
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•_(Except Mercury)
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• Metals are solid at room temperature
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• Good conductors of heat and electricity Malleable
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• Ductile
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• malleable
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Ductile
 ELEMENTS
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Nonmetals
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•_ Noble
_ _ _ _ _ _ Gases
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•_ Gas
_ _ _ _ _or
_ _a
_ _brittle
_ _ _ _ _ solid
_ _ _ _ _ without
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ luster
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•_ They
_ _ _ _ _ are
_ _ _ _poor
_ _ _ _ _conductors
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ of
_ _ _heat
_ _ _ _ and
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electricity
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•_ _They are solids, liquids or gases at room
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temperature
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• They are transparent
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 ELEMENTS
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Metalloids
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•_ Has
_ _ _ _ _a_ properties
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _that
_ _ _ _are
_ _ _ _intermediate
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between those of metals and non metals
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•_ Semi conductors
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•_ Typically dull, gray solids that can be
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hammered
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• They are non good conductors of the
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electricity at the room temperature
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 COMPOUNDS
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•_ _ It
_ _is
_ _ an
_ _ _element
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _that
_ _ _ _react
_ _ _ _ _to
_ _ each
_ _ _ _ _ _other
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•_ _ Substances
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _that
_ _ _ _is_ _made
_ _ _ _ _ up
_ _ _ of
_ _ _two
_ _ _ or
_ _ _more
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_ _ elements
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ chemically
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ combined
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _in
_ _fix
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proportions by mass.
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• Can be classified as: Acids, Bases, and Salts.
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 COMPOUNDS
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_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ACIDS
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BASES
_• _ _Compound
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _that
_ _ _ _donates
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _H+
•
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _Compound
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ that
_ _ _ _ accepts
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _H+
__

ions in an aqueous solution. ions in an aqueous solution.

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• It tastes sour. • It tastes bitter.

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• • It turns red litmus paper to

_ _ _ It
_ _turns
_ _ _ _ _ blue
_ _ _ _ _litmus
_ _ _ _ _ _paper
_ _ _ _ _ _to
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red. blue.
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 COMPOUNDS
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_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _SALTS
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_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _•_ _ Compound
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _that
_ _ _ _is
_ _formed
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_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _when
_ _ _ _ _ acid
_ _ _ _ _and
_ _ _ _a_ base
_ _ _ _ _ _react-
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neutralization.
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 COMPOUNDS
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 1.  Separating solids from liquids.
 It requires a filtering medium like cheesecloth or filter
FILTRATIO paper, which traps the insoluble substances while
allowing the liquid that contains the soluble substances

N to pass through.
 2.  Is a process used to separate the components
of mixture based on their varying eights.
SEDIMENTATI  Heavy suspended particles are allowed to
ON settle at the bottom of the container.
 3.  To poured out carefully a liquid, leaving
another liquid or solid behind.
DECANTATIO  Takes advantage of differences in
N density.
 4.  Is the process of separating a soluble solid to a liquid
or solvent.
EVAPORATIO  In this process, the solution is subject to heat until the
liquid (solvent) evaporates and the solid will be left.
N
 5.  Is the separation of mixtures through the continues
cycle of evaporation and condensation of the volatile
DISTILLATIO components of the mixture, which have different boiling
points..
N
  Is a simple but efficient used to separate and identify
6. the components of mixture.
CHROMATOGRAP  Separation takes place because the components of a
mixture have different affinities for the two phases, the
HY stationary phase and mobile phase.