Chemistry: An

Introduction
Definition of Chemistry and its
branches
Uses of Chemistry

Brief history of Chemistry

 LEARNING OBJECTIVES
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Define chemistry
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__ _Explain
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _the
_ _ _ _different
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ branches
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _of
_ _ chemistry.
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__ _Identify
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _the
_ _ _ _different
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _uses
_ _ _ _ _ of
_ _ _chemistry
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _in
_ _ _different
______________

_ _ fields.
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What is CHEMISTRY?
Is the science that deals with the study of the
structure and composition of matter.
It deals with the study of the changes that matter
undergoes and the energy involved that accompany
these changes.
 Fertilizers, Pesticides
C AGRICULTURE:

H MEDICINE: Imaging, Drugs, Prosthesis

E MILITARY: Guns, gunpowder, vest

M COMPUTER
Computer chip, hardware
TECHNOLOGY
I
SPORTS Equipment, energy drink
S
Papers, ink pens, other materials
T EDUCATION

R ELECTRONICS: Semiconductors, insulators

Y COSMETICS: Perfumes, cosmetics

Major branches of CHEMISTRY?
Inorganic Chemistry

Organic Chemistry

Biochemistry

Physical Chemistry

Analytical Chemistry
INORGANIC
CHEMISTRY

• This branch of chemistry

deals with the study of all the
elements and their compounds
except the element carbon.
• Compounds that do not
contain carbon.
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

• This branch of chemistry deals

with the study of carbon
compounds specifically
hydrocarbons and their
derivatives.
• Carbon based compounds.
BIOCHEMISTRY

• This branch of chemistry deals

with the study of compounds
present in living organisms and
their interactions with one
another.
• Chemistry of living systems.
PHYSICAL
CHEMISTRY

• This branch of chemistry

deals with the study of the
physical processes in
chemical reactions.
• Mechanisms, rates, and
energetics of chemical
reactions.
ANALYTICAL
CHEMISTRY

• This branch of chemistry deals

with the study of what and how
much substance or substances is
present in a particular sample of
matter.
• Quality and quantity of
components of substances.
Brief History of Chemistry…..

MODERN
Greeks and Romans: Alchemy: CHEMISTRY:
Babylonians: Egyptians: Making alloys and Elixir for (16th century)
philosophy in trying to immortality and Robert Boyle
Brewing wine and embalming, explain the natural convert ordinary Amedeo Avogadro
extracting metal cosmetics, and world and formulate metal into gold Joseph Priestley
ores. making paper from theories about matter using philosopher Henry Cavendish
papyrus. and behavior. stones. Antoine van
Lavoisier
Brief History of Chemistry…..
ROBERT BOYLE:
Published his work: Skeptical Chymist.
The experimental analytical chemistry began.
Other physical scientitsts contributors in the
field of chemistry with their experiments
mostly on gases involved precise measurements:
Robert Boyle, Amadeo Avogadro, Joseph
He discovered the relationship of Priestley, Henry Cavendish, and Antoine van
pressure and volume. Lavoisier.
Brief History of Chemistry…..

Amedeo Avogadro Joseph Priestley

(Discovered oxygen)
Brief History of Chemistry…..

Henry Cavendish
(Discovered hydrogen) Antoine van Lavoisier
(who named oxygen and hydrogen)
 Brief History of Chemistry…..
Brief History of Chemistry…..
He was considered as the father of
modern chemistry.
He also formulate the Law of
Conservation of Mass: matter
cannot be created nor destroyed. The
total mass of the reactants in a
chemical reaction will be always
equal to the total mass of the
reactants after the chemical
ANTOINE LAVOISIER
reaction.
 Brief History of Chemistry…..
Brief History of Chemistry…..
also doing experiment on chemical
reactions that most of substances are
composed of two or more elements.
He also observed that compounds also
contained the same percentage of
elements regardless of where these
compounds came from or whoever
prepared it.
Called the Law of Definite Proportion JOHN LOUIS PROUST
 Law of Definite Proportion
It states that all compounds contain the same element in
definite proportion and in no other combination.