POWER FACTOR CORRECTIONS AND P.

F REGULATOR
JILAN ANAK GAWING
860309-52-6343
ILP MIRI
CH00870 L1-L3
EIC C01023

JILAN ANAK GAWING CH00870 L1-L3 EIC

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 Power Factor. Other Term =Cos θ
 Means of PF ,it is ratio between :
 1. Between Actual power and Apparent Power.
 2. Between Resistance and Impedance as well.
 3. Between Resistance Current and Impedance Current
 And also :
 Cosine Difference Phase angle between of Voltage and
 Current.
Two states: Lagging ,Leading
 Lagging due to Inductive Load.
 Leading due to Capacitive Load.

JILAN ANAK GAWING CH00870 L1-L3 EIC

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 Condition of PF

JILAN ANAK GAWING CH00870 L1-L3 EIC

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 Power Factor

JILAN ANAK GAWING CH00870 L1-L3 EIC

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 Effects Low Power Factor
 Penalty by Public Electricity Licensee
 Current in line increased but load still works at same power.
 Power losses in cable
 Voltage drops increased in cable, any contact, conductor
 Efficiency losses in Generator (Hard working but less
productivity)
 Efficiency losses in Transformer
 Insufficient power to load
 Heating on load , generator, transformer, cable and conductor.

JILAN ANAK GAWING CH00870 L1-L3 EIC

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 Effects Low Power Factor
-Current in line increased but load still works at same power.

Find the :
1.Current generated by Generator A
2. Current generated by Generator A

JILAN ANAK GAWING CH00870 L1-L3 EIC

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 Effects Low Power Factor
- Efficiency losses in Generator (Hard working but less productivity)

Find the :
1.Apparent(S) Power used by Consumer A
2.Apparent(S) Power used by Consumer B
4. Reactive(Q) Power of Load of Consumer A
5. Reactive (Q) Power of Load of Consumer B
6. % Loading for Generator A
7.JILAN
% Loading
ANAK for Generator
GAWING A L1-L3 EIC
CH00870
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 Effects Low Power Factor
-Power losses in cable

Find the :
1.Power losses in cable for Consumer A
2. Power losses in cable for Consumer B
JILAN ANAK GAWING CH00870 L1-L3 EIC
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 Effects Low Power Factor
-Voltage drops increased in cable, any contact, conductor.

Find the :
1.Voltage Drops in cable for Consumer A
2. Voltage on consumer A
3. Voltage Drops in cable for Consumer B
4.Voltage on consumer A
JILAN ANAK GAWING CH00870 L1-L3 EIC
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 Capacitor Bank in MSB
A bank for capacitor group and assemblies for
power factor correction.
There are :
 1. Three Capacitor
 2. PFR and Auxiliary
 3. Bus bar
 4. Bleeder Resistor (If any)
 5. Reactor (If any)
 6. Circuit Breaker or Fuse

JILAN ANAK GAWING CH00870 L1-L3 EIC

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 JILAN ANAK GAWING CH00870 L1-L3 EIC
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 Three Phase Capacitor

JILAN ANAK GAWING CH00870 L1-L3 EIC

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 Connection for Three Phase Capacitor
Star and Delta

JILAN ANAK GAWING CH00870 L1-L3 EIC

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 Capacitor Name Plate

JILAN ANAK GAWING CH00870 L1-L3 EIC

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 CALCULATION RELATED TO CAPACITOR

JILAN ANAK GAWING CH00870 L1-L3 EIC

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 JILAN ANAK GAWING CH00870 L1-L3 EIC
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 Exercise .
Reactive Power of Capacitor 15 KVAR/Three Phase
440V/Star Connection. Find the :
 A. Reactive Power Per Phase
 B. Phase Current of Capacitor
 C. Capacitance per Phase.
 D. Total of Capacitance
 E. Capacitance in Delta

JILAN ANAK GAWING CH00870 L1-L3 EIC

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 RATING FOR CAPACITOR BANK 3 PHASE

JILAN ANAK GAWING CH00870 L1-L3 EIC

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 Rule to choose Capacitor and installation for
Capacitor Banks for PFC
Estimate Load PF and Load Power (Wattage)
Set Target PF
Use the calculation to define Total Reactive Power of Capacitor.
Set total step capacitor by assume any rating power of capacitor
(usually refers to catalog).
Calculate total current
Choose Breaker Size/Fuse
Choose Bus Bar Size
Choose Contactor
Choose PFR
Choose Bleeder Resistor (if necessary)

JILAN ANAK GAWING CH00870 L1-L3 EIC

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 Choose Capacitor for PFC

JILAN ANAK GAWING CH00870 L1-L3 EIC

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 Condition in Power Factor Correction

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 Exercise.

Find :
1. I3 at PF =0.7
2. I1 at PF =0.7
3. Total Reactive Power of capacitor bank.
4. Current of Capacitor bank (I2)
5. I1 at PF =0.9
JILAN ANAK GAWING CH00870 L1-L3 EIC
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 Exercise :
 Given MSB 500KVA,Three Phase,415V,50Hz,estimated
PF =0.75 Lagging, system compensation required at
PF = 0.85 Lagging. Find :
 1-Total Reactive Power of Capacitor Bank to fulfill that
 system.
 2-Define total step for Capacitor Bank(Capacitor 10KVAR)

JILAN ANAK GAWING CH00870 L1-L3 EIC

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 Exercise :
 A Factory which total load 120KW PF =0.78 Lagging, PF
system shall be corrected at PF = 0.90 Lagging.
 Find :
 1-Total Reactive Power of Capacitor Bank to fulfill that
 system.
 2-Define total step for Capacitor Bank (Capacitor 5KVAR)
 3-Find total current of a capacitor bank

JILAN ANAK GAWING CH00870 L1-L3 EIC

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 Choose Breaker for Capacitor.
Standards IEC 60831-1 and IEC 60931-1
1-capacitors shall be able to operate under steady-state conditions with
an r.m.s. current value up to 30% higher than their rated current Icn
(this is due to the possible presence of voltage harmonics in the
network);

2- a tolerance of +10% on the capacitance for banks up to 100 kvar and of

5% for banks exceeding 100 kvar is admitted (Amendment 1 of the
above mentioned standards).

JILAN ANAK GAWING CH00870 L1-L3 EIC

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 JILAN ANAK GAWING CH00870 L1-L3 EIC
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 Breaker for Capacitor Bank
For the protection of the capacitor bank:
 • the circuit-breaker shall have an adequate making
 capacity;
 • the setting of the instantaneous protection against
short-circuit shall not cause unwanted tripping.

The second condition is usually respected:

 1- for thermal magnetic trip units, by setting the magnetic
protection I3 at values not lower than 10.Icmax

 2- for electronic trip units, by setting in OFF the instantaneous
 protection against short-circuit (I3 = OFF).


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 Breaker and Busbar For Capacitor
Breaker for each Capacitor = (Irc X 1.43 X 10 )/10
Main Breaker for Capacitor = (Irc X 1.43 X Step)

JILAN ANAK GAWING CH00870 L1-L3 EIC

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 Choose Breaker for Capacitor

Example :
Given 12 Step Capacitor Bank which 10KVAR per Step,
specify sufficient :
 1.MCCB size for a capacitor in step.
 2. Main MCCB for whole steps.

JILAN ANAK GAWING CH00870 L1-L3 EIC

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 PFR.(Power Factor Regulator)
A electronic controller which detect the power factor,
and switching on/off capacitor bank to regulate power
factor.

JILAN ANAK GAWING CH00870 L1-L3 EIC

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 Example :
Schematic Connection Diagrams PFR

JILAN ANAK GAWING CH00870 L1-L3 EIC

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 Example :
Schematic Connection Diagrams PFR

JILAN ANAK GAWING CH00870 L1-L3 EIC

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 Parameter Setting in PFR
Target Power Factor (SET Cos θ)
C/K Setting
Sensitivity (Switching Time)
Reconnection Time
Rated Step
Switching Programs
THD Limit
CT Rating

Configuration terminal of an PFR, Methods to setting are

depend on product, therefore shall be refer to user manual.
JILAN ANAK GAWING CH00870 L1-L3 EIC
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 C/K Setting (If Manual C/K)
The C/k value is a threshold value for switching on/off the
capacitor steps. It is used to set the switching hysteresis and it
is calculated, based on the smallest size capacitor used.

JILAN ANAK GAWING CH00870 L1-L3 EIC

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 Bleeder Resistor(Discharge Resistor)
Sometimes resistor incorporated in capacitor to
discharge the capacitor after supply switch off.
If unaccompanied ,bleeder resistor must provided.

JILAN ANAK GAWING CH00870 L1-L3 EIC

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 Basic Principle Bleeder Resistor to discharge Capacitor.

JILAN ANAK GAWING CH00870 L1-L3 EIC

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 Choose size of Discharge Resistor

IEC 831 Standard sets up that the voltage in terminals of a capacitor

must not exceed 75 V after 3 minutes since its disconnection.

JILAN ANAK GAWING CH00870 L1-L3 EIC

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 Exercise.

Find sufficient Resistance of

Bleeder Resistor for this
capacitor where Safety
threshold voltage =50 VAC and
discharge time 180s.

JILAN ANAK GAWING CH00870 L1-L3 EIC

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 Connection Figure for Discharge Resistor.

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 THANK…………………..GOOD
LUCK

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