WORD FORMATION PROCESS

Part_4
Presented on
October 10, 2022
 WORD FORMATION PROCESSES
COMPOUNDING
It can be identifed by undersstanding the stress of that
word and making the word trees, e.g: greenhouse,
sunglasses

CONVERSION
It can be done by the category or partss of speech of an
already existing lexeme without adding an affix, e.g: fish
(N) ---- to fish (V)
to kick (V) ---- a kick (N)

MINOR PROCESSES
Coinage, backformation, blending, acronyms and
inisialism, clipping
PARTS OF SPEECH

Content words

>Noun
>Verb

>Adjective
>Adverb
>Interjection
N
S
O
PHRASAL CATEGORIES I
U
T
N
I
4O
P
N
.
H
A
2R
PHRASAL L
A
.A
CATEGORIE D
S S JP
E
V
H
E
E
R
C
R
A
T
B
IS
E
V
 NOUN PHRASE

Pre-modifier Post-modifier
• Adjective Participle @ a participle relative clause
(–ing or –ed participle)
(-ing or -3rd form) > the girl wearing high heels (active participle)
> the parcel wrapped in red paper (passive participle)
e.g: drawing book, >The lady speaking to me

broken leg, injured people @ adjective clause

The lady who spoke to me is my neighbor
The girl who wore high heels

• Possessive @ an infinitival relative clause

> The road to UPGRIS is closed
e.g : Ani’s book > The whiteboard to write is dirty
> The ink to write is empty
My brother’s agreement The road to the rail station is muddy

@ a prepositional phrase
The bag on the table is mine
The cafe near the bookstore is my favorite cafe

@ Apposition
His birthday present, a book on politics lay on the table.
His birthday present lay on the table, (namely / that is) a book on
politics
My classmate likes to see BTS, Korean boy band performance
 VERB PHRASE
• What is a verb phrase? Verb phrases are one of the eight types of phrases in a sentence. They include the helping verb and 
main verb in a sentence. For example:
>The author is writing a new book.
>I must make an "A" in this class.
>The dog might eat the cake.
>He was walking to work today.
>We got married after college.

• Helping Verbs in Verb Phrases

>forms of “to be” (am, is, are, was, were)
>forms of “to have” (have, has, had)
>forms of “to do” (do, does, did)
>Modal verbs are another kind of helping verb

• Verb Phrases as Sentence Predicates

>Your teachers have finished your report card.
>My sister hasn’t decided what dessert she wants.
>The shoes don’t fit his feet.
>I should ask the director his opinion.
>We aren’t allowed to go in there.
 Verb Phrases vs. Verbal Phrases

• Verb phrases can only be used as verbs in a sentence. This might be confusing
when you see verbal phrases, which are phrases that use verbs and the words that
follow them as nouns, adverbs and adjectives. These verbals do not show the
action of the verb; that’s the verb phrase’s job.

• Verbal phrases include infinitive phrases, participial phrases and gerund phrases

• Examples:
>She wanted to show off her new dress. (The phrase is the direct object of the
verb “wanted,” so it is acting like a noun.)

>We have to replace the window broken by the hail. (The phrase modifies the
noun "window", so it is functioning like an adjective. “Have to replace” is the verb
phrase.)

>Lying to the IRS is never a good idea. (The phrase acts as the subject in this
sentence. “Is” is the only verb in this sentence.