HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS IN

WHICH SOCIAL CONSIDERATIONS

CHANGED THE COURSE OF
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
MODERN TIMES
 MODERN TIMES
During the nineteenth century, the world’s
population demands more goods to produce
at a faster rate. People needed efficient means
of transportation to trade more goods to a larger
and farther distance. The needs of machine. The
needs of faster and easier way to communicate.
Because of these kind of neediness various of
industries takes place.
 The modern world history, the modern era or the
modern period is the global, linear, historical-
geographical approach to the time frame that comes
post the classical history.
DIVISION OF MODERN
HISTORY
The early modern period, the late modern
period and the contemporary history.
 EARLY MODERN PERIOD

The early modern period began approximately at the

beginning of the 16th century. In this period, the major
historical milestones include the Age of Discovery, the
European Renaissance as well as the Protestant
Reformation.
 Age of Discovery

Also called the age of exploration began in

the 1400s and continued through the 1600s. It
was a period of time when the European
nations began exploring the world. They
discovered new routes to India, much of the
Far East, and the Americas.
 European Renaissance
The Renaissance was a fervent period of European
cultural, artistic, political, and economic “rebirth”
following the Middle Ages.

Generally described as taking place from the 14th

century to the 17th century, the Renaissance promoted
the rediscovery of classical philosophy, literature and
art.
 The Protestant Reformation

The Protestant Reformation was a religious reform

movement that swept through Europe in the 1500s.
It resulted in the creation of a branch of Christianity
called Protestantism, a name used collectively to
refer to the many religious groups that separated
from the Roman Catholic due to differences in
doctrine.
 LATE MODERN PERIOD

On the other hand, the late modern period started in

the mid of 18th century.

The American Revolution, The French Revolution,

The Great Divergence, The Industrial Revolution
and The Russian Revolution happened in this period.
 AMERICAN REVOLUTION

The American Revolution was an epic political and

military struggle waged between 1765 and 1783
when 13 of Britain's North American colonies
rejected its imperial rule. The protest began in
opposition to taxes levied without colonial
representation by the British monarchy and
Parliament.
 FRENCH REVOLUTION

The French revolution was a watershed event in

world history that began in 1789 and ended in the
late 1790s with the ascent of Napoleon Bonaparte.
During this period, French citizens radically altered
their political landscape, uprooting centuries-old
institutions such as the monarchy and the feudal
system.
 THE GREAT DIVERGENCE

Historians sometimes refer to the Industrial

Revolution as the “Great Divergence” where
suddenly the energy bonanza of industry catapulted
Europe and North America ahead of most of the rest
of the world for much of the nineteenth century and
the early twentieth century.
 INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

The Industrial Revolution transformed economies

that had been based on agriculture and handicrafts
into economies based on large-scale industry,
mechanized manufacturing, and the factory
system. New machines, new power sources, and
new ways of organizing work made existing
industries more productive and efficient.
 RUSSIAN REVOLUTION

The Russian Revolution took place in 1917, during

the final phase of World War I. It removed Russia
from the war and brought about the transformation of
the Russian Empire into the Union of Soviet Socialist
Republics (USSR), replacing Russia's traditional
monarchy with the world's first Communist state.
 CONTEMPORARY HISTORY
The contemporary history includes the span of
historical events starting from 1945. These events are
most relevant to present time and scenario. Many
historians describe the early modern period as the
time frame between 1500 and 1800.
This period mainly follows the late middle ages
period. Further, it is marked by the initial European
Colonies, beginnings of recognizable nation-states as
well as the rise of strong centralized governments.
INVENTIONS DURING
THE MODERN TIMES
 PASTEURIZATION
As populations rises, the people were able to develop better
means of production to meet their needs. But food
preservation and food safety became an issue to them.

A French Biologist, microbiologist, and chemist named

Louise Pasture found a way to solve the issue. He invented
the process of heating dairy products to kill the harmful
bacteria that allow the food to spoil faster also called as
pasteurization. Through this process, milk can be stored
and consumed for a longer period.
PASTEURIZATION PROCESS
 PETROLEUM REFINERY
Samuel M. Kier was able to invent kerosene by refining
petroleum. Kerosene was later on referred to as the
“illuminating oil” because it was used at first to provide
lighting to homes. after some time, it was applied for
heating purpose. Nowadays, kerosene is still present as still
used by many people for powering automobiles, factories,
and power plants, among others.
 TELEPHONE
Alexander Graham Bell was the inventor of
telephone and it was one of the most important
inventions during those times. He thought of
inventing telephone due to the lack and very limited
kind of communication and its very expensive just to
communicate. But nowadays, telephones are one of
our necessities for faster and more stable technology
for us to use for communication.
 CALCULATOR
The creation of the modernized calculator pave the
way not only in terms of calculating arithmetic easier
but also to develop more complex processing
machines just like what we are using now.

“Calculating clock” is composed of a multiplying

device, a mechanism for recording intermediate
results, and a 6- digit decimal adding device invented
by Wilhelm Schickard.