cgt110 Week1

TECH 104 – Technical Graphics Communication
Week 1:
Introduction to Engineering
Graphics Communication
Development of Engineering
Graphics
Multiview Drawings
Francesca (1420-92)
Cartesian Coordinates
Descartes (1596-1650).
Engineering is <90%
graphically based.
Engineering Drawing
What you will learn
 Visualization
 Graphics Theory
 Standards
 Conventions
 Tools
 Applications
The “Language”
Lines may be defined as…….
1. A series of points in space organized in a rational order
2. The shortest distance between two points
3. The geometry created by the intersection of two planes or surfaces
4. A set of points organized that have length and direction, but no

thickness
Week 1: Engineering Graphics Overview

Lines come in all types and shapes:
Parallel lines will always maintain the

same distance from each other
throughout their entire length, and
NEVER touch!

Non-parallel lines do not maintain the

same distance from each other
throughout their entire length, and may
either touch, or eventually cross each
other.

Perpendicular lines are at 90 degrees to

one another.

Intersecting lines cross each other at any

angle.

Tangent lines are created when:

1. A curved and straight line meet,
and….
2. The two lines intersect at only one
point, and….
3. A smooth transition into one line can
be generated.

Lines will appear as edges when there is an

intersection of two planes or surfaces.

Tangent conditions may appear in both

2D and 3D geometry….
Figure A shows a tangent being created

at Point C
Figure B shows Tangent F being

identified as the intersection point
between the 2 circles.

Here we can see that Line VT is lying

tangent to the cone.

Can you explain why Example A is

tangent, but Example B is not??

Circles are considered the most perfect form geometric

shape. All circles are made up of many parts…

A parabola’s shape can be generated from a 3D cone

and 2D plane….
Notice that the parabola’s shape is

symmetrical (mirror image of itself), and
that it has a focus point inside the arc of
the line. The cutting plane is always
parallel to the slope of the cone.

Parabolas have many engineering uses and shapes….
As the shape of the curve of the

parabola changes, it allows for
more diverse applications.

The ellipse is generated in much the same way as the

parabola….
Notice that the ellipse’s shape is symmetrical

(mirror image of itself), like the parabola.
However, the ellipse has no focus point
identified inside the arc of the line, and the
cutting plane is NOT parallel to the slope of
the cone.

A circle may appear as an ellipse when the object is not

perpendicular to the line of sight.
While the circle’s geometry remains true

shape and size, our view of its shape
appears more oval as the object is rotated
from its 90 degree position.

Lines can be set at angles to

points or other lines…
Lines set at angles help us understand the

relationship of other lines, or the geometry’s
position in space.

Quadrilaterals have two main characteristics:
1. They are CLOSED entities,
2. They have 4 sides.

Polygon means “many sided”:
Most polygons have names based on the number

of sides they have.

2D and 3D Space:
Let’s take a few minutes to see how lines and points are used to organize
space…..

If we take the centre of the universe as our home position (X=0 and
Y=0) , we are able to map out the coordinate vertices of any object
from that point and assign them addresses so they may be easily
located.

However, as the universe is not 2-dimensional, we must take into

consideration a 3rd axis (Z) that represents its volume.

Since the computer ALWAYS remembers that its home is (0,0,0), we may
locate any point in space, or on a 3D model, by referencing home.

Each point on a 3D model has

its own address in space that is
designated by an X, Y, & Z
value.
Here we can see the address of

each vertex.
Example: (4, 3, 0)

Standard Sheet Sizes
Week 2:
Sketching, Text, and Visualization

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TECH 104 – Technical Graphics Communication

1. A series of points in space organized in a rational order

2. The shortest distance between two points

3. The geometry created by the intersection of two planes or surfaces

4. A set of points organized that have length and direction, but no

Week 1: Engineering Graphics Overview

Lines come in all types and shapes:

Parallel lines will always maintain the

Week 1: Engineering Graphics Overview

Lines come in all types and shapes:

Non-parallel lines do not maintain the

Week 1: Engineering Graphics Overview

Lines come in all types and shapes:

Perpendicular lines are at 90 degrees to

Week 1: Engineering Graphics Overview

Lines come in all types and shapes:

Intersecting lines cross each other at any

Week 1: Engineering Graphics Overview

Lines come in all types and shapes:

Tangent lines are created when:

Week 1: Engineering Graphics Overview

Lines come in all types and shapes:

Lines will appear as edges when there is an

Week 1: Engineering Graphics Overview

Lines come in all types and shapes:

Tangent conditions may appear in both

Figure A shows a tangent being created

Figure B shows Tangent F being

Week 1: Engineering Graphics Overview

Lines come in all types and shapes:

Here we can see that Line VT is lying

Week 1: Engineering Graphics Overview

Lines come in all types and shapes:

Can you explain why Example A is

Week 1: Engineering Graphics Overview

Circles are considered the most perfect form geometric

Week 1: Engineering Graphics Overview

A parabola’s shape can be generated from a 3D cone

Notice that the parabola’s shape is

Week 1: Engineering Graphics Overview

Parabolas have many engineering uses and shapes….

As the shape of the curve of the

Week 1: Engineering Graphics Overview

The ellipse is generated in much the same way as the

Notice that the ellipse’s shape is symmetrical

Week 1: Engineering Graphics Overview

A circle may appear as an ellipse when the object is not

While the circle’s geometry remains true

Week 1: Engineering Graphics Overview

Lines can be set at angles to

Lines set at angles help us understand the

Week 1: Engineering Graphics Overview

Quadrilaterals have two main characteristics:

1. They are CLOSED entities,

2. They have 4 sides.

Week 1: Engineering Graphics Overview

Polygon means “many sided”:

Most polygons have names based on the number

Week 1: Engineering Graphics Overview

Week 1: Engineering Graphics Overview

Week 1: Engineering Graphics Overview

However, as the universe is not 2-dimensional, we must take into