Republic of the Philippines

CAPIZ STATE UNIVERSITY

Fuentes Drive, Roxas City, Capiz, Philippines
Tel. No. (036) 6214-578 Fax No. (036) 6214-578
website: www.capsu.edu.ph email address: roxas@capsu.edu.ph

H.E. 211-Advanced Garments And Fashion Technology

FIBER CRAFT
Fiber Craft
History of Fiber
• Fibers is as old as human civilization.
For many thousand years, the usage of
fiber is limited by natural fiber such as
flaxfor different applications. , cotton,
silk, wool, and plant fibers
• Flax is considered to be the oldest and
the most used natural fiber since ancient
times.
Fiber
• A unit of matter which is capable of being spun into a
yarn or made into fabric by bonding or by interlacing
in a variety of methods including weaving, knitting,
braiding, felting, twisting, or webbing, and which is
the basic structural element of textile products.
• It is the smallest textile component which is
microscopic hair like substance that may be man
made or natural.
• They have length at least hundred times to that of
their diameter.
• Used in the manufacture of other materials.
Classification of Fibers
 Natural Fibers
 Vegetable Fibers
 Animal Fibers
 Mineral Fibers
 Wood Fibers
 Biological Fibers
 Man Made Fibers
Regenerated Fibers
Synthetic Fibers
 Inorganic Fibers
Natural Fiber
• Any hair like raw material directly obtained
from an animal, vegetable, or mineral source
and geological processes that can be
convertible after spinning into yarns and then
into fabric.
Various Categories of Natural Fiber
• Plant
• Animal
• Mineral
Vegetable Fibers
Can be classified as:
a. Fibre occuring on the seed (raw
cotton, java cotton)
b. Phloem fiber (flax, ramie, hemp,
jute)
c. Tendon fiber from stem or leaves
(banana, abaca, pandan, pinya)
d. Fiber occuring around the trunk
(hemp palm)
e. Fiber of fruit/nut shells (coconut
fiber-coir)
Cotton and Linen are the most
important among them.
Plant fibers are employed in
the manufacture of paper and
textile (cloth).
Cotton
• is a soft fiber that grows
around the seeds of the
cotton plant.
Composition
 90% cellulose, 6%
moisture and the
remainder fats and
impurities
 the outer surface is
covered with a
protective wax like
coating which gives
fiber an adhesive quality
Kapok Fibre
• is a silky cotton like substance that
surrounds the seeds in pods of the
ceiba tree.
Properties:
• it can support as much as 30 times to
its own weight in water and loses
only 10% of bouyancy over a 30 day
period
• it its 8 times lighter that cotton
• it is also lightweight, non-allergic,
non-toxic,resistant to rotand
odorless.
• since its inelastic and too fragile, it
can't be spun.
• it has outstanding characteristics of
lightness,impermeability,thermalisola
tionand eco-naturality.
Bast Fibre
• a fiber collected from the
phloem sorrounding the
stem of a certain plant.
Properties:
• have often higher tensile
strength than other kinds,
and ropes, yarn, paper,
composites and burlap.
• they are obtained by the
process called retting.
Jute Fibre
• one of the cheapest natural fiber
and is second only to cotton in
amount produced and variety of
fibres.
Properties:
• Jute is a long, soft, shiny vegetable
fibre.
• the plant grows up to a height of
2.5m and its fibre lenght is about
2m.
• it is generally used in geo textiles.
• it has a good resistance to micro
organisms and insects.
• it has a low wet strength, low
elongation, and inexpensive to
produced.
Ramie Fibre
• is one of the oldest fibre
crops.
Properties:
• it requires chemical
processing to de-gum the
fiber.
• it is fine absorbent, quick
dring fiber, is slightly stiff
and possesses high natural
luster.
• its plant height is 2.5m and
its strength is eight times
more than a cotton
Hemp Fibre
• used to remove the fiber from
the stem, the hemp naturally
may be creamy white, brown,
gray, black or green.
Properties:
• it is yellowish brown fiber
• hemp fiber can be 3 -15 feet
long, running the lenght of the
plant.
• Characteristics of fiber are its
superior strength and durability,
resistance to ultraviolet lightand
mold, comfort and good
absorbancy.
Coir Fibre
• Fibre mechanically
extracted from dry
mature coconut husk
after soaking.
• It is long, hard and
strong fibre but with
lower softness, lower
water absorption
capacity, and shorter
life than long retted
fibre.
Animal Fibre
• are natural fibers that consist
largely of proteins such as
silk, hair/fur, wool and
feathers.
Classified as:
• Hair Fibres (Staple)
• Secretion Fibres (Filament)
• Wool (Specialty hair fibres)
• Silk (Spider silk, Insect fibre)
Mineral Fibre
• Asbestos is the only natural
mineral fibre obtained from
varieties of rock.
Properties:
• It is fribrous form of silicate
of magnesium and calcium
containing iron and
aluminum and other
minerals.
• It is acid proof, flame proof,
rust proof.
• Its particles are carcinogenic
and hence its use is
restricted.
Man Made Fibres
 Regenerated Fibres
 Natural Man Made Fibre
A. Cellulosic Fibres
• Cellulose is one of many polymers found in nature.
• Wood, paper and cotton all contain cellulose.
Cellulose is an excellent fiber.
• Cellulose is made of repeat units of the of the
monomerglucose
• The three types of regenerated cellusic fibre are
rayon, acetate and triacetate which derived from
the cell walls of short cotton fibres called inters.
• Paper for instance is almost pure cellulose.
TYPES OF FIBER CRAFT
Macramé 
The term macramé
implies a form of fiber
craft made by
implying the method
of knotting, and not by
weaving or knitting.
Macramé is also used
by sailors to decorate
different parts of ships
Rug Hooking
Rug hooking is a type
of traditional fiber
craft. Rugs are made
with the help of
fabrics. The rug
designs are always
produced
commercially these
designs are very
complex like flowers
or animals.
Spinning
Spinning is the process of
creating fibers with the
help of many raw fibers.
The primitive method of
spinning was different it
was generally by slanting
the fibers in hand, with the
passing of time the
spinning wheel was
introduced which made the
work of spinning more
easy and resultant more
and better production of
yarn.
Weaving
The earliest textile
art or fiber craft is
weaving. Weaving
is done by
adjusting two sets
of thread the wrap
and the weft by
designing them on
a piece of cloth
Lace- Making
The art of lace making
became popular from
the Armenia region. It
is an earliest hand
craft. Lace is a type of
very smooth and fine
quality fabric where
the design is made by
creating open whole in
the fabric with the
help of either machine
or hand.
Thank You
for
Listening !