L4: Fibre to

Fabric

GRADE 6
Ms. Shiney Koshy
 Lesson objectives

• Difference between fibre, yarn (thread)

and fabric.
• Processes for obtaining yarn from fibre.
• Processes for obtaining fabric from yarn.
Fibre to Fabric
The process
Step 1-Spinning
Takli- used for hand spinning
 Weaving

COCONUT WEAVING BAMBOO WEAVING

WEAVING USING LOOMS
HANDLOOM POWER LOOM
L4: Fibre to
Fabric
GRADE 6
Ms. Shiney Koshy
 Lesson objectives

• Different types of fibres and their sources.

• Natural and synthetic fibres
• Brief history of clothing.
 Types of fibres
Fruit fibres
Eg: Cotton, Coir

Bast (Stem)
Plant fibres fibres
Eg: Jute, Flax

Leaf fibres
Natural
Eg: sissal

Fibres Animal fibres Egs: Wool, Silk

Egs: Nylon,
Synthetic Rayon,
Polyester
 Cotton
• Shrubs
• Seed bearing cotton bolls
• Warm season, moderate
rainfall
• 6-8 months- harvest
• Ideal soil- Black soil &
Alluvial soil
• Cotton producers-
Gujarat, Maharashtra,
Andhra Pradesh,
Telangana, Karnataka
and Haryana
 Cotton

HARVESTING

GINNING
WEAVING

SPINNING
 Jute- the Golden fibre
• Bast fibre
• Kharif crop-
monsoon
dependent
• 20-40 degrees
• 4 months to harvest
• Major jute
producers-
• India, China,
Bangladesh
 Jute

Growth & Retting-

Drying and
harvest separation of
bundling
fibres
 Retting
• Retting is the process that involves the action of the microorganisms
and moisture on plants to dissolve or rot away the cellular tissues so
that it facilitates the separation of the fibre from the stem.
• This is mostly used in the jute to separate the fibres from the woody
tissues.
Uses of Jute fibre

Gunny bags

Burlap / Hessian cloth

 Coir
• Fruit fibre from coconut
• India and Sri Lanka produces
about 90% of the world’s total
coir of which Kerala produces
60%.
Coir extraction
 Other plant fibres
• Bast fibre- Hemp Hemp fibre
• Bast fibre- Flax Linen fabric
• Fruit fibre- Kapok Silk cotton
Hemp
• Stalks are
harvested
• Ropes, nets,
clothes & paper
Flax
• Fibre from stems
of flax plant
• Soft but strong
• Fabric- Linen
Silk cotton
• Kopak tree fruits
• Light weight
fibres used as
stuffing
 Sissal
• Leaf fibres
Animal fibre- SilkSericulture
MULBERRY
LEAVES

800 m to
12 km
long
threads
Silk was first made in China 7000 years ago
• Trade routes between Europe and Asia- Silk Route
 Synthetic fibres
• Made through chemical processes from petrochemicals.
 Properties of synthetic fibres
• Stronger
• Wrinkle free
• Low absorption capacity (not suitable for humid climates)
• Dries quickly
 Blended fabrics-
long lasting & absorbent
• Terrycot- Terylene + Cotton
• Terry wool- Terylene + Wool