COVID-19

SARS-CoV-2
 Definition

COVID 19 STANDS FOR CORONA DISEASE 2019

an acute respiratory illness in humans caused by a
coronavirus, capable of producing severe symptoms and in
some cases death, especially in older people and those with
underlying health conditions.

CORONA = GARLAND OR CROWN

WHERE DID CORONA COME FROM?

= INFECTED ANIMAL
 EPIDEMIOLOGY

2019 2020

DECEMBER MARCH
Wuhan, China: WHO:
SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 qualified
responsible for as pandemic
COVID-19 worldwide
 From January 2020 to September 26, 2022
acc to WHO

3,938,203 confirmed cases

COVID 19 62,790 Deaths

As of now in
Philippines

164,304,227 Vaccine
doses
Global
 Mode of transmission
Transmission — Person-to-person spread is the main mode of SARS-CoV-2
transmission.

Route of “person-to-person” transmission — Direct person-to-person respiratory

transmission is the primary means of transmission of severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) It is thought to occur mainly through close-
range contact ( within approximately six feet or two meters) via respiratory particles;
virus released in the respiratory secretions when a person with infection coughs,
sneezes, or talks can infect another person if it is inhaled or makes direct contact with
the mucous membranes. Infection might also occur if a person's hands are
contaminated by these secretions or by touching contaminated surfaces and then
they touch their eyes, nose, or mouth, although contaminated surfaces are not
thought to be a major route of transmission. People remain contagious for up to 20
days, and can spread the virus even if they do not develop symptoms .

INCUBATION PERIOD: QUARANTINE FOR 2 WEEKS TO MONITOR SIGN AND SYMTOMS

 Risk Factors

COVID-19 can affect anyone, and the disease can cause symptoms ranging from mild to
very severe. For some other illnesses caused by respiratory viruses (such as influenza),
some people may be more likely to have severe illness than others because they have
characteristics or medical conditions that increase their risk. Examples include older age or
having certain underlying medical conditions.

People who are older have a higher risk of serious illness from COVID-19, and the risk
increases with age. People who have existing medical conditions also may have a higher
risk of serious illness.
Certain medical conditions that may increase the risk of serious illness from COVID-19 include:

* Serious heart diseases, such as heart failure, coronary artery disease or cardiomyopathy
* Cancer
* Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
* Type 1 or type 2 diabetes
* Overweight, obesity or severe obesity
* High blood pressure
* Smoking
* Chronic kidney disease
* Sickle cell disease or thalassemia
* Weakened immune system from solid organ transplants or bone marrow transplants
* Pregnancy
* Asthma
* Chronic lung diseases such as cystic fibrosis or pulmonary hypertension
* Liver disease
* Dementia
* Down syndrome
* Weakened immune system from bone marrow transplant, HIV or some medications
* Brain and nervous system conditions, such as strokes
* Substance use disorders
 Clinical Manifestation
Most Common Symptoms Less Common Symptoms

Fever Sore throat

1 1

Cough Heache
2 2
Aches and plains
3 Tiredness 3
Diarrhea
Loss of taste or smell 4
4 Rash on skin/Discoloration of
fingers and toes
5
Red or irritated eyes
6
Serios Symptoms
Difficulty breathing or
shortness of breath
1
Loss of speech or
mobility, or conclusion
2

Chest pain
3
Nursing Diagnosis
A nursing diagnosis provides clinical judgment about the patient’s experiences and
responses to potential coronavirus infection
include:
*Possible exposure to the virus that causes COVID-19
*The patient’s level of knowledge about the transmission of COVID-19
*Fever
*Impaired breathing pattern related to shortness of breath
*Anxiety associated with the unknown etiology of the disease
Nursing Care Planning and Goals
Establishing nursing care plan goals can help improve patient outcomes and decrease the transmission of
COVID-19.
Major nursing care planning goals for COVID-19 may include:

*Establishing goals, interventions

*Assessing altered skin integrity risks, fatigue, impaired comfort, gas exchange, nutritional
needs, and nausea
*Preventing the spread of coronavirus infection to the patient’s family members,
community, and healthcare providers
*Providing more information about COVID-19 and its management to the patient
*Reducing fever
*Restoring normal respiratory patterns
*Easing anxiety, which is relatively common in COVID-19 patients, with a combination of
anxiolytic medications and psychotherapy that includes relaxation techniques, breathing
exercises and encouragement
NURSING INTERVENTIONS
Based on assessment data, nursing interventions for COVID-19 should focus on;
Monitor vital signs – particularly temperature and respiratory rate, as fever and dyspnea are common
symptoms of COVID-19.
Monitor O2 saturation – normal O2 saturation as measured with pulse oximeter should be 94 or
higher; patients with severe COVID-19 symptoms can develop hypoxia, with values dropping low
enough to warrant supplemental oxygen.
Manage fever – use appropriate therapy for hyperthermia, including adjusting room temperature,
eliminating excess clothing and covers, using cooling mattresses, applying cold packs to major blood
vessels, starting or increasing intravenous (IV) fluids as allowed, administering antipyretic medications
as prescribed, and readying oxygen therapy in the event of respiratory problems resulting from the
metabolic demands for oxygen during a fever.
Maintain respiratory isolation – isolation rooms should be well-marked with limited access; all who
enter the restricted-access room should use personal protective equipment, such as masks and gowns.
Enforce strict hand hygiene – to reduce or prevent transmission of coronavirus, patients should wash
hands after coughing, as should all who enter or leave the room.
Provide information – educate the patient and patient’s family members of the transmission of COVID-
19, the tests to diagnose the disease, disease process, possible complications, and ways to protect oneself
and one’s family from coronavirus.
 PREVENTION

Wash your hands Use soap Avoid crowds

Wear mask/Cover
when you sneez No handshakes Use sanitizer
 Group 4

GARNACE, GEMALYN
GACAL, JHOY
GALLARDE, FRENCHIE MICHELLE
FABELLAR, FREDDIE
GOMEZ, CHRISTIAN