Scriptural and Fr.

Al’s Message:
Scriptural Message: Proverbs 14:15

The simple man believes every word, but

the prudent man watches his steps.
Fr. Al’s Message: To Live is Christ

The word of God contains infinite light,

infinite wisdom, and fullness of knowledge
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Objective:
The learners shall be able to describe the
components of a scientific investigation.

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SCIENCE
PROCESS
SKILLS
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OBSERVATION
It is the process of
determining the properties
of objects or events using
the senses.

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QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE
Qualitative Observation Quantitative Observation
OBSERVATION
There is a small The amount of
amount of water in water in the beaker
the beaker. is 30 ml.

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MEASURING
It is the process of determining
the dimensions of an object, the
number of objects in a group, the
duration of an event, or other
characteristics in precise units.

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The INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM (SI) of
Measuring

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CLASSIFYING
It is sorting of things into
different groups according
to a criterion.

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Example of Classifying: Animal
Classification

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ORGANIZING DATA
It involves placing observations
and measurements in some kind
of logical order such as in
graphs, charts, tables, or maps.

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Example of Organizing Data

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HYPOTHESIZING
It is the process of
formulating testable
statements about observable
phenomena.

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PREDICTING
It is the process of stating in
advance the results that will
be obtained from testing a
hypothesis.

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EXPERIMENTING
It is the process of testing
a hypothesis or a
prediction by carrying out
data gathering procedures
under controlled
conditions.
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ANALYZING DATA
It is the process of
determining whether or not
the set of data is reliable and
whether or not it supports a
given prediction or
hypothesis.
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INFERRING
It is the process of
drawing conclusions on
the basis of the facts or
premises instead of direct
perception.

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Observation versus Inference

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Observation versus Inference

A man is sitting on a rock.

The man is talking.
The apteryx is listening.
The man is holding a book.
The apteryx’s head becomes red.
The apteryx was upset by the
man’s statement.
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MODELING
It involves constructing a
representation of an object,
a system, or a process that
helps show relationships
between data.
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COMMUNICATING
It is essential to progress
in Science. It allows
scientists to build on the
works of others.

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FIELD INVESTIGATION: Small Group Activity

Directions: Go out and look for a place where you can find different
kinds of leaves.
1. Use your senses in observing the leaves of the different selected
plants.
2. Record your observations in the table (on the next slide).

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FIELD INVESTIGATION: Small Group Activity

Leaf Color Shape Texture Odor
A        
B        
C        
D        
E        

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FIELD INVESTIGATION: Small Group Activity
Guide Questions:
1. Which of your senses gave the most information about the leaves?
2. Which of your senses helped you the most in distinguishing the leaf samples?
3. Your personal observation has limitations. Name several scientific instruments that may help you
overcome the limitations of your senses whenever you make observations.
a. sight:
b. smell:
c. taste:
d. touch:
4. Is it important that a scientist record his data immediately? Why or why not?
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FIELD INVESTIGATION:
Small Group Activity

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The
SCIENTIFIC
METHOD
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MAKE AN
OBSERVATION
You make an observation
with the use of your five
senses. There are two types:
qualitative and quantitative.
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STATE THE PROBLEM

You identify a problem after
you make observations around
you. In this step, some
information becomes known or
something requires action.
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GATHERING INFORMATION
After the specific
problem is identified,
information about these
objects may help the
investigation is gathered.

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FORMULATE A HYPOTHESIS
A hypothesis is an intelligent
guess. It is a possible solution
to your problem or a possible
explanation for the observation
you make.
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PERFORM
EXPERIMENTS
An experiment is an
activity done to test the
hypothesis. This is the
step where you gather
and record data.

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RECORDING & ANALYZING DATA

In recording data, you must
observe and record the
correct data. Correct data
when processed will answer
the problem investigated.
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STATING THE CONCLUSION
The conclusion is the
statement of summary of the
interpretations of all the
analyzed data. In here the
chosen hypothesis will be
decided whether the guess
was correct or not.
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REPEATING THE WORK

One time testing or
experimenting for the answer
is not enough for the result to
be completely relied upon.

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SCIxercise: Scientific Method

Read and analyze each question carefully. Write
your answers in your notebooks.

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1. What is the best order of the steps in the

scientific method?

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2. What skill does a scientist use when he listens

to the sounds of thunder?
A. Formulating hypothesis
B. Drawing conclusions
C. Making Observations
D. Testing a hypothesis
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3. Which of the following is a hypothesis?

A. If you leave a bucket of water uncovered, it will
evaporate more quickly.
B. There are bubbles formed in the spoiled milk.
C. Spoiled food produces unpleasant smell.
D. The sand has dry and gritty texture.

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4. What step should be done to test a hypothesis,

or demonstrate a known fact?
A. Draw conclusions
B. Make observations
C. Perform experiments
D. State a problem
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5. What should be done after making an

observation?
A. State the problem
B. Perform experiments
C. Draw a conclusion
D. All of these
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The
EXPERIMENTAL
VARIABLES
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WHAT IS A VARIABLE?
In an experiment, quantities that are changing are
called variables.

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INDEPENDENT VARIABLE
Sometimes called as the
manipulated variables.
Variables that we
intentionally change
expecting that there would be
an effect to the other
variables.
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DEPENDENT VARIABLES
These are variables that
change as an effect of the
change in the
independent/manipulated
variables.

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CONTROLLED VARIABLE
These are elements that
are held constant or
remain unchanged all
throughout the
experiment.

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SCIxercise: Identifying Variables

Identify the independent, dependent, and
controlled variables in each of the following
statements. Write your answers in your Science
notebook.

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1. The effect of crushed egg shells to the number of
flowers in different varieties of roses found in a
botanical garden is recorded every two weeks for
three months.
ITEM 1
Independent Variable:
Dependent Variable:
Controlled Variable:
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2. To determine the effect of pure water and different
salt concentrations on gumamela plants for, the height
of plants are recorded for one month.
ITEM 2
Independent Variable:
Dependent Variable:
Controlled Variable:
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3. One tank of goldfish is fed with the normal amount of fish
food once a day. A second tank of goldfish is fed twice a day. A
third tank of goldfish is fed four times during an eight-week
study. The mass of these fishes are recorded every three days.
ITEM 3
Independent Variable:
Dependent Variable:
Controlled Variable:
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Summative Test 1
Doing Scientific Investigations
Checking

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List the top 3 main problems in your community that can
be solve using scientific method.
Problem Hypothesis Procedures in Solving the Problem
     
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
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Performance Task 1
The Investigatory Project:
Designing an Investigation

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