ORAL COMMUNICATION IN

CONTEXT
DIFFERENTIATING
THE VARIOUS
MODELS OF
COMMUNICATIO
N
GROUP 12
Models of
Communication
IT SIMPLIFY THE PROCESS BY PROVIDING A
VISUAL REPRESENTATION OF THE VARIOUS
ASPECTS OF ANY COMMUNICATIVE
SITUATIONS. THESE ALLOW US TO SEE
SPECIFIC CONCEPTS AND STEPS WITHIN
THE PROCESS OF COMMUNICATION, DEFINE
COMMUNICATION, AND APPLY
COMMUNICATION CONCEPTS.
 There are three basic
models of the
communication process:
Linear, Interactive, and
Transactional, and each
suggests different
perspective but contain
some common elements.
Let us now learn the linear
Linear Model of 
Communication
• One-way communication
• Senders send message and receivers
• only
Usedreceive
for mass communication
• No feedback
• Concept of noise is present
Linear Model of
Communication

channel
sende message receiv
r er
Linear Model of
Communication
THE BACKGROUND
Originally developed by Shannon and Weaver in
1949, and known as the mother of all
communication models.
It was adapted by Berlo which focuses on
Sender-Message-Channel-Receiver.
• SHANNON-WEAVER MODEL
• BERLO'S SMCR MODEL
Linear Model of
Communication
• SHANNON-WEAVER MODEL
INFORMATION TRANSMITTER CHANNEL RECEIVER
SOURCE (ENCODER) (DECODER) DESTINATION
I

MESSAGE SIGNAL SIGNAL MESSAGE

SENT RECEIVED

NOISE
Linear Model of Communication
• BERLO'S SMCR MODEL
ENCODES DECODES

SOURCE MESSAGE CHANNEL RECEIVER

I I I I

COMMUNICATION CONTENT COMMUNICATION COMMUNICATION

SKILLS SKILLS SKILLS

ATTITUDES
I I
ELEMENTS SEEING
I ATTITUDES
I

KNOWLEDE
I I
TREATMENT TOUCHING
I I
KNOWLEDE

SOCIALI SYSTEM STRUCTURE

I SMELLING
I SOCIALI SYSTEM

CULTURE
I I
CODE TASTING
I CULTURE
I

I I I I
Linear Model of
Communication
ADVANTAGES:
• Good at audience persuasion and propaganda
• Intentional result
• It is mostly used to transmit current information
through radio and TV broadcastings, public or
private press conferences, letters and emails.
Linear Model of
Communication
DISADVANTAGES:
• Communication is not continuous as no
concept of feedback
• Receiver is passive
• No way to know if communication is
effective
Interactive Model of
Communication
• Used for new communications like
internet.
• Slower feedbacks in turns
• Concept of physical and
psychological context
• Communication becomes linear if
receiver does not respond
Interactive Model of
Communication

channel
sende message receiv
r er

channel
receiv message/feedback sende
er r
Interactive Model of
Communication
THE BACKGROUND
Wilbur Schramm proposed an alternate model
that portrayed communication as a two-way
interaction in 1954. The first to incorporate the
feedback- verbal and nonverbal- into a model of
communication.
• SCHRAMM'S INTERACTIVE MODEL
Interactive Model of
Communication
• SCHRAMM'S INTERACTIVE MODEL
F I E L D O F E X P E R I E N C EF I E L D O F E X P E R I E N C E

S E N D E RE N C O D E SIGNAL DECODER RECEIVER

R
NOISE

FEEDBACK
Interactive Model of
Communication
ADVANTAGES:
• Feedback is expected even in mass
communication
• New communication channels
• Sender and receiver are equally important
DISADVANTAGES:
• Receivers are not passive.
• Feedback can take a very long time
• Sender and receiver might not know who the other
person is.
•
Interactive Model of
Communication
ELEMENTS:
• Physical Context
-Includes the environmental factors in a communication
encounter. The size, layout, temperature, and lighting of
a space influence our communication.

• Psychological Context
-Includes the mental and emotional factors in a
communication encounter. Stress, anxiety, and
emotions are just some examples of psychological
influences that can affect our communication.
Transactional Model of
Communication
• Use for interpersonal communication.
• Senders and receivers interchange
roles.
• Simultaneous feedback
• Context of environment and noise
• Feedback is taken as a new message.
Transactional Model of
Communication

channe
sende l receiv
r messg er
ae
Transactional Model of
Communication
THE BACKGROUND
Dean Barnlund proposed a transactional
model of communication in 1970 for
basic interpersonal communication.
• BARNLUND'S MODEL
multi-layered feeback system
Transactional Model of
Communication
• BARNLUND'S MODEL
Transactional Model of
Communication
ADVANTAGES:
• Simultaneous and instant feedback
• No discrimination between sender and receiver
• General model of communication
• Commons elements in communication are present:
message and its meaning; sender, receiver and feedback.
DISADVANTAGES:
• Communicators are interdependent to each other.
• Noise and communication barriers occur.
• Complex model
• Encourages non- verbal communication
Transactional Model of
Communication
ELEMENTS:
• Social Context- It refers to the norms, values, laws,
other restrictions of a society to communicate within a
specific limit
• Cultural Context- is the lifestyle and identity of a
person. Caste, class, race, ethnicity and gender.
• Relational Context- Type of relationship and the roles
of people create differences in the way people
communicate. Communication always occurs on the
common systems of both the parties.
Differences of the Three (3)
Models of Communication
Linear Model Interactive Model
• One-way communication • Used for new communication
• Senders send message and like internet
receiver only receives • Slower feedback is expected
• No feedback is expected in response
• Receiver is passive • Concept of physical and
• Good at audience persuasion psychological context
Transactional Model • Less message focused
• Receiver is active
• Used in interpersonal communication
• Simultaneous feedback
• Feedback is taken as a new message
• Instant feedback in the same environment
 References
Oral Communication Module
https://drive.google.com/file/d/
1IzPU4fmL9pfQhsrkF42k1ADuNLk7ZxSd/view?
usp=sharing

Models of Communication
https://youtu.be/C2YZ7g_ClEw
Thank You
for
listening! GROUP 12
BADANG, DAPHNY
CAABAY, CYRILLE
MONTEVEROS, ADRIANE