Natural Language Processing

(14-08-2020)
By
Dr. K. Sreekala
Assistant Professor
Dept. of CSE
MGIT
Understanding AI, ML and NLP is
very important.
 What is Artificial Intelligence?
• AI is a field of computer science that emphasizes on making
intelligent machines to perform tasks commonly associated
with intelligent beings. It basically deals with intelligence
exhibited by software and machines.
• The first work towards AI was carried out in 1943
• The first chat bot was developed in 1966 and was named
ELIZA
• The first smart robot, WABOT-1.
• The first AI vacuum cleaner, ROOMBA was introduced in the
year 2002.
• Finally, AI entered the world of business with companies like
Facebook and Twitter using it.
• Google’s Android app “Google Now”, launched in the year
2012 was again an AI application. 
 The areas of application of AI include
Chat-bots

Self-Driving Cars
https://youtu.be/aaOB-ErYq6Y

Computer Vision

Facial Recognition and many more…

 What is Machine Learning?

One of the major applications of Artificial

Intelligence is machine learning. ML is not a
sub-domain of AI but can be generally termed
as a sub-field of AI. The field of machine
learning is concerned with the question of
how to construct computer programs that
automatically improve with experience.
Machine Learning
• If we want the computer to tell the difference
between cats and dogs, we can show it lots of
pictures of cats and lots of pictures of dogs
and it can learn to tell the difference. 

• Machine Learning uses statistical algorithms to

learn from examples. We call these examples
data and we say that the computer learns
from data. 
Example of a Machine Learning Model
Machine Learning Model
 Question for you
• I​f you want to create a machine learning system to
detect tumour in x-ray scans, you need to...

A. g​ather lots of images of tumours in scans

B. programme a very accurate model of the physics of x-
rays
C. discover the rules that radiologist use to diagnose
tumours
D. programme a very accurate model of the biology of
tumours
Input to Machine Learning Model
 What is Natural Language Processing?

Natural Language Processing is an AI method of

communicating with an intelligent system using a
natural language.

Natural Language Processing (NLP) and its variants

Natural Language Understanding (NLU) and Natural
Language Generation (NLG) are processes which teach
human language to computers. They can then use their
understanding of our language to interact with us
without the need for a machine language intermediary.
 Few Applications of NLP include

• Sentiment Analysis – Majorly helps in

monitoring Social Media
• Speech Recognition – The ability of a computer
to listen to a human voice, analyze and respond.
• Text Classification – Text classification is used to
assign tags to text according to the content.
• Grammar Correction – Used by software like
MS-Word for spell-checking.
 Key Differences between AI, ML, and NLP
• Artificial intelligence (AI) is closely related to making machines
intelligent and make them perform human tasks. Any object
turning smart for example, washing machine, cars, refrigerator,
television becomes an artificially intelligent object.

• ML is an application of AI. Machine Learning is basically the

ability of a system to learn by itself without being explicitly
programmed. 

• The main technology used in NLP (Natural Language

Processing) which mainly focuses on teaching natural/human
language to computers. NLP is again a part of AI and
sometimes overlaps with ML to perform tasks.