AN ASSESSMENT OF THE LEARNING

STYLES AMONG GRADE 12
STUDENTS UNDER HUMANITIES
AND SOCIAL SCIENCE STRAND

A RESEARCH PAPER PRESENTED BY GROUP 4

I. BACKGROUND
OF
CHAPTER ONE
THE STUDY
II. STATEMENT OF
THE PROBLEM
III. SIGNIFICANCE
OF THE STUDY

IV. SCOPE AND

DELIMITATION
V. DEFINITION OF
TERMS
I. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Learning styles are defined as cognitive, affective, and psychosocial behaviours that serve as relatively
stable indicators of how learners perceive, interact with, and respond to the learning environment (Curry,
1981). According to the VARK model, these acquired techniques are classified into four main types of
learners: visual, auditory, reading/writing, and kinaesthetic, all of which are identified by whatever they
feel the most proficient in (Cherry, 2019). Most people recognize that each person prefers different
learning styles and techniques (Loveless, n d.). But some people may find that they have a dominant style
of learning, with far less use of the other styles. Others may find that they use different styles in different
circumstances. They may develop ability in less dominant styles, as well as further develop styles that they
already use well.
 

Visual learners are those who learn best through what they see. They learn best when they use
graphical ways to represent what they are studying. They prefer it when information is represented in
diagrams or graphs. They frequently use hand movements while talking and have a tendency to look
upwards when thinking (Pritchard, 2009). Fleming added the need to recognize that visual learners prefer
graphics. (Fleming, 2017) The written word would not be as valuable, especially when used as a visual
additive in a classroom with only words on media. “It must be more than mere words in boxes that would
be helpful to those who have a Read/write preference
 Aural learners are proficient at speaking and acting. Typically, aural learners prefer to listen to lectures rather
than take notes. They prefer repetition, summaries and benefit from discussions, lectures, stories, Podcasts. These
learners have a tendency to tilt their heads and use eye movements when concentrating or recalling information
(Pritchard, 2009). Within this learning style, Fleming added chatting and email as they possess more “abbreviations,
colloquial terms, slang and non-formal language” (2017).
 
Reading/writing learners depend on the written work compare to the aural. This preference of learning style is the
most used by traditional educators. The read/write learner prefers to have text as both a way to gather information and
to share information. “People who prefer this modality are often addicted to PowerPoint, the Internet, lists, diaries,
dictionaries, thesauri, quotations and words” (Fleming, 2017).
 
Kinesthetic learners learn best when they can move around and engage their small and large muscle groups.
Oftentimes, kinesthetic learners feel their way of learning isn't as good because they can't “sit and do the work,” but
there are lots of ways to maximize their learning style. Kinesthetic learners tend to have high difficulty in sitting still
and need frequent breaks when learning.

Senior High School students in Batasan Hills National High School have different learning styles like visual, aural,
reading/writing and kinesthetic which they used to improve their skills and academic performances. These learning
styles help students to become physically, mentally, and socially productive individual. Furthermore, the study intends
to introduce a novel approach to improving learning techniques that are tailored to the learner's needs. It also aims to
assist students with the learning styles that can help them excel in their academic performance. Finally, it aims to instill
a more positive mindset that reinforces the belief that one is academically capable. The researchers were particularly
interested in the study for individual growth as learners, with the intent of applying it in the coming years.
 
II. Statement of the Problem
The main objective of this study is to determine the assessed learning styles of grade 12 students of Batasan Hills
National High School under Humanities and Social Science strand based on Neil Fleming’s VARK Model.
Specifically, the researchers seek to answer the following questions:

1. What is the demographic profile of the grade 12 student respondents of Batasan Hills National Senior High
School under Humanities and Social Science Strand in terms of;
 
1.1. Gender
1.2. Strand
1.3 Age
1.4 Race
1.5 Ethnicity
1.6 Religion
1.7 Marital Status
1.8 Health

In accordance to VARK, which percentage of students' sensory modality of learning appears to be the most
predominant?

3.1. Visual
3.2. Auditory
3.3 Reading/ Writing
3.4. Kinesthetic
III. Significance of the study
The findings of the study will be significant to the HUMSS students, teachers, the school administration of
Batasan Hills National High School and the future researchers.

The results from the study will provide the students an opportunity to assess their learning preferences
especially in HUMSS strand. As a result, students will develop a sense of responsibility towards their own
learning and at the same time they may want to implement other learning styles to suit and also to prepare
themselves for advanced learning at the college level.
 
It will also benefit teachers as it will provide a platform to understand their students’ learning styles much
better, as it will make them conscious of various learning styles and learning preferences that exist in their
classrooms. Knowing the students’ learning styles will lead to a successful teaching and learning process, as this
is the main predictor of students’ success.
 
School administration will also find this study to be beneficial as it will appraise the variety of learning
styles that students adopt in learning academic track. The information can aid administrators to conduct
courses, activities or prepare instructional materials that complement students’ learning styles.
 
Future researchers will benefit from the study. The students can evaluate the preferred learning style of
HUMSS students based on their demographics. Additionally, they can give data on how the preferred learning
methods within each class of HUMSS students have evolved over time.
IV. Scope and Delimitation
This study focused mainly on the assessed learning styles of Grade 12 students under Humanities and Social
Science in Batasan Hills Senior High School. The assessed learning styles of students are limited based on Neil
Fleming’s VARK learning styles model. The study conducted respondents from Grade 12 students under Humanities
and Social Science in Batasan Hills Senior High School who are currently enrolled in S.Y 2022-2023.

V. Definition of Terms
Learning Styles – It is defined as the ways that different students learn. Meanwhile, learning styles are defined
throughout the research as dependable indicators of how learners perceive, engage with, and respond to their learning
environment.
 
Visual Learning - It is when one learns by reading or seeing pictures. As defined throughout the study, it is also where
the learner prefers most when information is represented in graphical ways.
 
Aural Learning - The aural learning style is a learning style in which individuals learn best through hearing directions
and speaking answers. As defined by this research, aural learning is about learners who are proficient at speaking and
acting.
 
Reading/Writing Learning - In this learning style, students find writing, reading articles, and taking notes to
be the most beneficial. As defined throughout the study, this is wherein the students prefer PowerPoint, the
Internet, lists, diaries, dictionaries, thesauri, quotations, and words the most.
 
Kinesthetic Learning - A kinesthetic-tactile learning style requires one to manipulate or touch material to
learn. Meanwhile, as defined by this research, this learning style is for students who learn best when they can
move around and engage their small and large muscle groups.
 
Demographic Profile -It is defined as the study of a population based on factors such as age, race, and sex.
However, as defined by this study, it is a crucial factor in determining how a learner chooses their most
suitable learning style.
 
Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS) – It is one of the strands offered to senior students who aim to take
up social science-related courses. Meanwhile, in this study, it is the selected strand where the respondents
will be gathered.
REFERENCES:
1. Cherry, K. (2018). Overview of vark learning styles. Retrieved from
https://www.verywellmind.com/vark-learning-styles-2795156
2. Atkinson, T. (2017). Fleming vark theory – 1987.Retrived from
https://tracyharringtonatkinson.com/fleming-vark-theory/
3. Fundi, S. (2015) Thevark learning theory. Retrieved from
https://kibogoji.com/2015/04/06/the-vark-learning-theory/
4. Murray, J. The vark model of teaching strategies
https://www.teachhub.com/vark-model-teaching-strategies
5. Seyal, A. H., & Rahman, M. N. A. (2015). Understanding Learning Styles, Attitudes
and Intentions in Using e-Learning System: Evidence from Brunei. World Journal of
Education, 5(3). https://doi.org/10.5430/wje.v5n3p61
 
PRESENTED BY GROUP NO. 4

Noblado, Jovielyn G. (Leader)

Boretta, Juan Miguel
Cellacay, Lynuel Angela
Mahumsar, John Patrick Darios
Mendoza, Arth Angelo
Montaño, Kristine
Regoris, Stephanie Eve