«Organic chemistry

of aliphatic
compounds»
Kolushpayeva
Anar
Toiganbayevna
doctor of technical sciences, professor

Email: rana_2302@mail.ru
LECTURE №1
Subject and
fundamentals of organic
chemistry
Purpose of the
course:

• To introduce the
basic concepts of
organic chemistry,
the subject, the
theory of the
structure of organic
molecules
Plan:
1. Introduction to organic chemistry
2. The subject of organic chemistry and the history of the development
of organic chemistry
3. Electronic representations in the theory of the structure of organic
molecules
Subject of organic chemistry
• Organic chemistry - the chemistry of hydrocarbons and their
derivatives.
• Hydrocarbons (HC) are the simplest organic substances, the molecules
of which consist of atoms of only two elements: C and H (CH4,
C4H10).
• Hydrocarbon derivatives are products of substitution of “H” atoms in
hydrocarbon molecules for other atoms or groups of atoms.
 Organic substances
Natural Artificial Synthetic
(Oil, proteins, fats, (Gasoline, viscose) (Drugs, vitamins, plastic)
carbohydrates)
 The most important characteristics Notes
Numerous a) homology
(about 27 million) b) isomerism
c) catenation
Must include H and C atoms All organic compounds are combustible

Low melting temperature, joints are not strong Most have a molecular crystal lattice

Most non-electrolytes (in solution in the form of molecules) Reactions proceed slowly and more often with the
participation of a catalyst
Large molecular weight

Form homologous series

Form isomers

Most participants or products of the processes occurring in living

organisms
Theory of the structure of organic compounds

• The greatest generalization of

knowledge about organic
substances is the theory of the
structure of organic compounds
by A. M. Butlerov.
Theory of the structure of organic compounds

1. The atoms in the molecules of substances are connected according to

their valency.
2. Carbon in organic compounds is always tetravalent.
3. The properties of substances are determined not only by their
qualitative and quantitative composition, but by the chemical structure
of the substance.
4. The properties of organic substances depend not only on the
composition of the substance and the order of connection of atoms in
its molecule, but also on the mutual influence of atoms and groups of
atoms on each other.
 Classification of organic substances

Acyclic

Heterocyclic

Carbocyclic
 Classification of organic substances

• Acyclic compounds are compounds with an open open

chain of carbon atoms, which can be either straight or
branched. Compounds with an acyclic structure are
also called aliphatic compounds or fatty compounds.
• Heterocyclic compounds contain chains that, in
addition to C, include one or more other atoms (O2, S,
N2, P)
• Carbocyclic compounds are called organic substances
containing a closed chain of carbon atoms (cycle) in the
molecule. Aromatic compounds (arenes) are a variety
of carbocyclic compounds containing a specific system
of alternating single and double bonds in the molecule.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fMhWXU7hh1A