SHAMBHUNATH GROUP OF

INSTITUTIONS

VOCATIONAL TRANING
ON
220/132 KV SUBSTATION SAHUPURI, VARANASI.
UTTER PRADESH POWER TRANSMISSION CORPORATION LIMITED

Guided By: Presented By:-

Mr. Punit Shrivastava Vivek Kumar
(Sub Divisional Officer) Roll No:- 2001620209023
 CONTENT

 Introduction of Substation
 Single line Diagram
 Incoming Feeders
 Outgoing Feeders
 Equipment of 220 KV Substation
 Conclusion
 INTRODUCTION OF 220/132 KV
SUBSTATION

An overview of 220 KV power substation. It includes electricity transmission
and distribution processes at sarnath substation. It’s substation an assembly of
apparatus which is installed to control transmission and distribution of electric
power its two main division are outdoor and indoor substation. Different equipment
used in substation. Busbar, lighting arrester, Isolator, earth switch, current
transmission, potential transformer etc. Transformer which is being used here is
core and shell type transformer for step up and step down purpose. Different instrument
current, voltage transformer finally the CVT ratings which gives a total output
overview.
IMAGE OF SUBSTATION
SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM
 Incoming Feeders of 220KV

 Pusauli(Karmanasa
 Sarnath
 Churk
 Obra
 Outgoing Feeders of 220KV

 Raja Ka Talab
 Bhelupur-1
 Bhelupur-2
 SUBSTATION HAS TWELVE
FEEDERS OF NAMELY 132
 BHU( Banaras Hindu University)
 Rabertsganj
 Narayanpur
 Karmanasa
 Chandauli
 Dhanapur
 Varanasi
 Zamania
 Sarnath
 Chunar
 Chakia
 Mau
 THE SUBSTATION OF 132/33KV HAS
SEVENTEEN OUTGOING FEEDERS
NAMELY
 Shahu Chemical
 Chakia Tahasil
 LBS. Hospital
 Mughalsarai
 Kundhakala
 CAP. Bank-1
 CAP. Bank-2
 Ramnagar-1
 Ramnagar-2
 Chandhasi
 Sahupuri
 Bhupauli
 Alinagar
 UPSIDC
 Swastik
 Minar
 Equipment of 220KV Substation
The equipment required for a transformer substation depends upon the type of
substation service requirements and degree of protection desired.

 Busbar
 Instrument transformer
 Potential Transformer
 Current Transformer
 Lighting arrester
 Isolating switch
 Protective relay
 Circuit breaker
 Wave trapper
 Line isolator
 Transformer
 Insulators
 BUSBAR

 The bus bar is a line in which the incoming feeders come into
the instrument for further step up or step down. The first busbar is
used for putting the incoming feeders in LA single line. There may
be double line in the busbar so that if the any fault occurs in the
another can still have the current and the supply will not stop. The
two lines in the busbar separated by a little distance by a Conductor
having a connector between them. This is so that one can work at
a time and the other work only if the first is having any fault.
 TRANSFORMER
 Transformer is a static machine which transform the potential of alternating
current at same fequency. It means the transformer transform the low voltage into
high voltage and high voltage into low voltage. It works on the principle of static
induction principle. When the energy transformed into higher voltage, the
transformer is called step up transformer but in case of other is known as step
down transformer.

 THREE TRANSFORMER ARE USED IN 220KV SUBSTATION SAHUPURI

 220MVA Transformer
 160MVA Transformer
 160MVA Transformer
 INSULATOR

 An electrical insulator is a material whose internal electric charge do not flow freely
and therefore make it nearly impossible to conduct an electric current under the
influence of an electric field. This contracts with other materials, semiconductors and
conductors which conduct electric current more easily. The property that
distinguishes an insulator it’s resistivity, insulators have higher resistivity than
semiconductors or conductors.
 TYPE OF INSULATORS
 Pin insulator
 Stay insulator
 Strain Insulator
 Shackle insulator
 Suspension insulator
.
 ISOLATOR
 Isolator is used to ensure that an electrical circuit is completely de-
energized for service of maintenance. In Sub-Station it is often desired to
disconnect a part of the system for general maintenance and repairs. This is
accomplished by an isolating switch or isolator. An isolator is essentially a
knife Switch and is design to often open a circuit under no load, in other
words, isolator Switches are operate only when the line is which they are
connected carry no load. For example consider that the isolator are
connected on both side of a circuit breaker, if the isolators are to be opened
the CB. Must be opened first.
 CIRCUIT BREAKER (C.B.)

 A circuit breaker is the equipment which can open or close a circuit under
normal as well as fault condition. These circuit breaker breaks for a fault
which can damage other instrument in the station.

 It is so designed that it can be operated manually (by remote control) under

normal conditions and automatically under fault condition.

 A circuit breaker is an automatically operated electrical switch designed to

protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by over current or overload
or short circuit. Its basic function is to interrupt current flow after protective
relays detect a fault.
 WORKING PRINCIPLE OF CIRCUIT BREAKER
The Circuit Breaker mainly consist of fixed contacts and moving contacts.In normal
“no” condition of circuit breaker these two contacts are physically connected to each
other due to Applied mechanical pressure on the moving contacts.

 TYPE OF CIRCUIT BREAKER

 Air blast circuit breaker
 Vacuum circuit breaker
 SF6 circuit breaker
 Oil circuit breaker
 CONTROL AND RELAY ROOM
 The control room has various control panels which shows the information like
incoming power, outgoing power, frequency, time common to all sob- stations,
status of various lines(healthy. Faulted, under outage or maintenance), status of
various protective instruments like isolators, circuit breaker, temperature of
various instruments, working tip of transformer etc.
 The DAS (Data Acquisition System) is used to accumulate the data received from
various sources.
 The relay room is separate from the control room. All relay used here are
numerical and are source from Siemens or ABB.
 The protection system is so fast that it can detect a fault within 30 m second
hence the circuit breaker can be operated within as less as 80 ms. For 400KV
side CB. one time auto reclosureir allowed in order to clear the faults
automatically.
 BATTERY ROOM
 The control panels and relays of the sub-station required DC supply of 110V.

 The DC supply is made with the help of battery bank reserve normally kept
in a separate room called battery room. There are 55 Battery are used to
draw the control room.

 Each cell is of 2 V and 300 Ah Capacity.

 INSTRUMENT • The line in Sub-station operate at high voltage and carry current of thousands of
amperes. The measuring instrument and protective devices are designed for low
voltage (generally 110V) and current (about 5A). Therefore, they will not work

TRANSFORMER satisfactory if mounted directly on the power lines. This difficulty is overcome by
installing Instrument transformer on the power lines.

• A current transformer (CT) is used for measurement of alternating electric currents

CURRENT • When current in a circuit is too high to apply directly to measuring instruments a
current transformer produces a reduced current accurately proportional to the current
in the circuit, which can be conveniently connected to measuring and recording

TRANSFORMER instruments
A current transformer isolates the measuring instruments from what may be very high
voltage in the monitored circuit.

Potential transformers (PT) also called voltage transformers (VT)) are a parallel
connected type of instrument transformer.

POTENTIAL They are designed to present negligible load to the supply being measured and have
an accurate voltage ratio and phase relationship to enable accurate secondary
connected metering.

TRANSFORMER The PT is typically described by its voltage ratio from primary to secondary Standard
secondary voltage ratings are 120 volts and 70 volts, compatible with standard
measuring instruments.
 CONCLUSION
 Now from this report we can conclude that electricity plays an important role in our
life. We are made aware of how the transmission the transmission of electricity is
done. We too came to know about the various parts of the substation system. The
three wings of electrical system viz. generation, transmission and distribution are
connected to each other and that too very perfectly.
 Thus for effective transmission and distribution a substation must.
1. Ensure steady state and transient stability.
2. Effective voltage control.
3. Prevention of loss of synchronism.
4. Establishment of economic load distribution.
5. Fault analysis improvement in respective field.
6. Reliable supply by feeding the network at various points.
THANK YOU