Mushroom and its importance

1
 General Objective
• To understand the fascinating world of mushroom, its
nutritional value, health benefits and ornamental value

Specific Objective
• Explain the fascinating world of mushroom
• Indicate the nutritional value and health benefits of
mushroom
• Explain aesthetic mushrooms

FACINATING WORLD OF
11/09/22 2
MUSHROOMS
FASCINATING WORLD OF
MUSHROOMS

3
• The fleshy fungi bloom into a visible tuff
umbrella like structure producing spore are
called mushrooms. It is of different color, size
and taste.

4
5
Astraeus Lycoperdon Schizophyllum

Calvatia Cantharellus Auricularia 6

DIFFERENT HABITATS OF MUSHROOMS

On dead wood On living wood On leaf litter

On Mushroom On Dung On termites hill 7

 Mushrooms
• Mushrooms as a source of food and medicine has found
mention in inscriptions, sculptures and scriptures of
Mesopotamian, Egyptian, Aryan and Chinese civilization

• Greeks believed them to give strength to the warriors ,while

Romans regarded them as food for God.

• Chinese prized mushrooms as the “Elixir of Life”.

• Mushrooms were worshiped and consumed as hallucinogens by

the Mexican Indians.

8
• Mushrooms have been investigated by the nutritionist after
the second world war when food shortage became very
severe and a need felt to look for alternative sources of food.

• Increased awareness of people about their nutritional and

medicinal values have stimulated their consumption and has
resulted in solving the marketing problems.

• In the era of healthy eating by counting down the calories,

saturated fat and cholesterol mushrooms provide the best
alternative especially for persons suffering from diabetes,
obesity ,hypertension, cancer ,AIDS, atherosclerosis (heart
ailments) etc.

9
Why Fascinating?
3 key problem
• Inadequate quality food supply
• Diminishing quality of health
• Increasing environmental deterioration
3 mushroom based solutions
• High quality food protein
• Medicinal values/ nutraceuticals
• Bioconversion/ bioremediation
10
 Cultivable edible mushrooms

FACINATING WORLD OF
11/09/22 11
MUSHROOMS
OYSTER MUSHROOM

Pleurotus florida
12
 White button mushroom

11/09/22 FACINATING WORLD OF MUSHROOMS 13

CULTURING OF SHIITAKE AND
LENTINUS

Shiitake Lentinus

14
Milky white mushroom

15
 FACINATING WORLD OF
11/09/22 16
MUSHROOMS
MUSHROOMS: THE VEGETABLE OF THE
FUTURE

 
1.Mushroom is a unique non-traditional cash crop grown indoors, both as a
seasonal crop and round-the-year under the controlled environmental conditions.

2.About 2000 species of fungi are used as food by tribes and various communities,
however, only a few are cultivated.

3.Climatic conditions in India are favourable for natural occurrence of mushrooms

and some of them are regularly collected and used as food by the natives
particularly those belonging to tribes.

17
Nutritional value and health benefits of
mushroom

18
 NUTRITIONAL INFORMATION
100g of Raw Mushrooms contain :
Energy 98kJ
Protein 3.6g
Fat 0.3g
Cholesterol 0
Carbohydrate 1.5g
Dietary fibre 2.5g
Thiamin 0.03mg (27% RDI)
Riboflavin 0.41mg (24% RDI)
Niacin 4.1mg (41% RDI)
Folate 44mcg (22% RDI)
Sodium 7mg
Potassium 305mg
Calcium 2mg
Iron 0.2mg
Zinc 0.2mg
Magnesium
9mg
Selinium
  19
 Comparison of mushrooms with common vegetables (per 100g )

Name Calories Moisture Fat Carbohydrate Protein(dry

(%) wt. basis)

Mushroom 16 91.1 0.3 4.4 26.9

Beet root 42 87.6 0.1 9.6 12.9

Brinjal 24 92.7 0.2 5.5 15.1

Cabbage 24 92.4 0.2 5.3 18.4

Cauliflower 25 91.7 0.2 4.9 28.8

Celery 18 93.7 0.2 3.7 20.6

Green beans 35 88.9 0.2 7.7 21.6

Green peas 98 74.3 0.4 17.7 26.1

Lima beans 128 66.5 0.8 23.5 22.2

Potato 83 73.8 0.1 19.1 7.6

20
21
 HEALTH & NUTRITIONAL BENEFITS OF
EATING MUSHROOMS
 
1.Mushrooms have very less calories and contain approximately 80 to 90
percent water. At the same time, they have low sodium, carbohydrate
and high fiber content.

2.Mushrooms are an excellent source of potassium.Infact, it is said that

there is more potassium in a mushroom than a banana. Since potassium
helps lower blood pressure and reduces the risk of stroke, mushrooms
are recommended to people suffering from hypertension.

3.Mushrooms are rich in copper, a mineral that has antimicrobial and

cardio-protective properties. A single serving of mushrooms is said to
provide about 20 to 40 percent of the daily needs of copper.

4.Mushrooms are believed to help fight against cancer. They are an

excellent source of selenium, an antioxidant that works with vitamin E to
protect cells from the damaging effects of free radicals.

22
Contd…

5.Researches have suggested that white button mushrooms can reduce

the risk of breast cancer and prostate cancer. Infact extract of white button
mushrooms has been found to help in diminishing cell proliferation as well
as tumor size.

6.Shiitake mushrooms comprise of Lentinan, a beta-glucan that has been

associated with stimulation of the immune system and thus, is believed to
be helpful in fighting against AIDS.

Being rich in fiber, protein and Vitamin B, mushrooms help maintain a

healthy metabolism.

7.It has been found that mushroom extract helps stop migraine headaches
and is beneficial for people suffering from mental illnesses, like obsessive-
compulsive disorder.

8.Oyster mushrooms are said to be useful in strengthening of veins and

relaxation of the tendons.

23
VARIOUS VALUE ADDITION PRODUCTS OF
MUSHROOMS

Mushroom biscuits
Mushroom nuggets

Dried mushrooms Mushroom pickles Mushroom cream soup

24
Aesthetic Mushrooms

25
 AESTHETIC MUSHROOMS
• Mushrooms have been the objects of fascinating beauty and mystique.
• Mushroom spring up in fantastic shapes and colors to enhance the aesthetics of this
planet, thereby making us humans happier and more conservation minded.
• Presently lots of work have been initiated on utilizing this wild mycological beauty for
commercial horticulture and thereby helping in conserving the indigenous mycoflora.
• Mushrooms can be used both in fresh and dried form for ornamental purpose.
• Potted ornamentals: Laccaria amethystina, Sarcosypha ,Polyporus ,Trametes , etc.
can be used as potted ornamentals.
• Dried ornamentals: many bracket fungi with brilliant colors retain their colour and
shape after dehydration. These species can be used for dry ornamentals industry.
Tramete versicolour, Pycnoporus cinnabarinus etc.
• Pressed mushroom art: Many other products like wall hangings, tablemats etc can be
made by drying, pressing and laminating mushrooms.

26
SOME ORNAMENTAL SPECIES OF
MUSHROOMS

Laccaria amethystina Sarcosypha Pycnoporus

cinnabarinus

Polypore Trametes Ganoderma 27

 FACINATING WORLD OF
11/09/22 28
MUSHROOMS
 FACINATING WORLD OF
11/09/22 29
MUSHROOMS
 FACINATING WORLD OF
11/09/22 30
MUSHROOMS
 Biosynthesis
of nutrients
Fascinating

HP
world
NADPH/
Ornamental
NADH
Types

Nutritional Proteins
value Mushroom
benefits

DO Temperature,
concentration pH Motility
Importance

4 Major
Biosynthesis metabolic Maintenance
Assembly From
reactions Intermediates
of HMP
Health
benefits