UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO

KIDAPAWAN CITY CAMPUS

Sudapin, Kidapawan City

Documentation and Symbols

GIMAL, VIC BERNARD X.; SUNIO, WILJHON

College
N. of Engineering
 CHAPTER 15

DOCUMENTAION AND SYMBOLS

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 15.4 FUNCTIONAL SYMBOLS
A number of functional symbols or pictorial drawings are
available for most P and ID elements. They have been divided
into actuators, primary elements, regulators, and math functions
for clarity.
• Actuators
• Primary Elements
• Regulators
• Math Functions

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15.4.1 ACTUATORS

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 15.4.1 ACTUATORS
• The first row of examples and the last three drawings shown in
Fig. 15.6 are the basic sections used in some of the actuator
diagrams. The other drawings show how these basic sections
can be combined to form families of actuators.

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 15.4.1 ACTUATORS
• For instance, the hand actuator and the pneumatic actuator
are shown combined with the control valve symbol to give a
representation of a hand operated valve and a pneumatic
operated valve in the second row. Arrows to represent the
state of the valve under the system “fail” conditions.

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15.4.2 PRIMARY ELEMENTS

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 15.4.2 PRIMARY ELEMENTS
• By far the largest numbers of elements used in P and ID are the
primary elements; a sampling of these elements is given in Fig.
15.7. Lettering and numbers are included in the examples.

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 15.4.3 REGULATORS
Typical examples of regulators and safety valves are shown in Fig.
15.8.

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 15.4.4 MATH FUNCTIONS
• PLCs have a large number of math functions that can be
implemented using software. If these math functions are
incorporated into a P and ID they will probably be executed
using hardware, e.g., use of a square root to convert a pressure
measurement to flow data. These functions have been
symbolized; an example of the math symbols is shown in Fig.
15.9.

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15.4.4 MATH FUNCTIONS

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 15.5 P AND ID DRAWINGS
• All processing facilities will have a set of drawings using the
standardized ISA symbols to show the plumbing, material flow,
instrumentation, and control lines. The drawings normally
consist of one or more main drawing depicting the facility on a
functional basis with support drawings showing details of the
individual functions. In a large processing plant these could run
into many tens of drawings.

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15.5 P AND ID DRAWINGS

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 CREDITS
• William C. Dunn; Fundamentals of Industrial Instrumentation and
Process Control.

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 END OF SLIDE

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