STANDARD FIRST

AID
&
BASIC
Public LIFE
Safety Junior Leadership Course

SUPPORT Class 2021-15

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the lecture, demonstration, return
demonstration and practical exercises, the students will
be able to learn completely:
• Define First Aid & its Objectives;
• Understand the importance of First Aid;
• Identify the different common injuries; and
• Enumerate steps of Management on common
injuries.
FIRST AID

 is an immediate care given to a person

who has been injured or suddenly taken ill;
 it includes self-help and home care if
medical assistance in not available or
delayed.
FIRST AID OBJECTIVES:

1. To alleviate suffering.

2. To prevent added/further injury/danger.

3. To prolong life.
Skin
- first line of defense against external
forces and infection and it is also the
largest organ in the body

Skin Functions:
• Protection
• Temperature regulation
• Sensation
Skin Layers

Epidermis

Dermis

Subcutaneous tissue
Muscles
Anatomy and Physiology of the
Musculoskeletal System
• Skeletal system
provides support
and form
• Also provides some
protection to vital
organs against
injury
Anatomy and Physiology of the
Musculoskeletal System
• Skeletal system also
precipitates
movement
• Muscles would not be
able to perform
without skeletal
support & connection
Legal Bases
 Policy: A.O. 155 s. 2004
“Basic Life Support Training is mandatory to all health workers”

 HEMS Goal:
“At least one member of each household shall be trained in BLS”
Blood Flow Through the Heart
• Decrease O2
• Narrowed coronary
lumen
• Myocardial
Ischemia / Necrosis
1.Mid-sternal crushing pain radiating to the
lower jaw, arms, epigastric area, or back
(Levine sign) 4. Shortness of Breath

2. Sweating 5. Sudden fainting

3. Nausea
6. Feeling of impending doom
 EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT OF
HEART ATTACK
1. Recognize the signs and symptoms of
heart attack and take action.
2. Have patient stop what he or she is doing
and sit or lie him/her down in a
comfortable position.
3. Do not let the patient move around.
 EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT OF
HEART ATTACK
4. If patient is under medical care, assist
him/her in taking his/her prescribed
medicine/s.
5. Have someone call the physician or
ambulance for help.
Primary Assessment
Check for:
LOC
Activate Medical Assistance
Check for circulation <10 secs
If negative circulation,

Give 30 compressions C
Open Airway A
Give 2 ventilations B
for 5 cycles/ at least 150
compressions in 2 mins.
 This is a combination of chest
compressions and rescue breathing. These
must be combined for effective resuscitation
of the victim of cardiac arrest.

SL.ppt/TR/FC 45 19
1. S - SPONTANEOUS signs of circulation are restored.

2. T -TURNED over to medical services or properly trained

and authorized personnel.
3. O - OPERATOR is already exhausted and cannot continue
CPR.
4. P - PHYSICIAN assumes responsibility (declares death,
takes over, etc.).

5. S – SCENE becomes unsafe.

6. S – SIGNED waiver to stop CPR.
SL.ppt/TR/FC 45 20
Foreign Body Airway
Obstruction
What would you do?

If you’re around when this happen

FBAO MANAGEMENT
ABDOMINAL THRUST
Abdominal thrusts is an emergency procedure
for removing a foreign object lodged in the airway
that is preventing a person from breathing.
S E L F - A D M I N I S T R AT I O N
OF THE ABDOMINAL
THRUST MANEUVER
COMMON INJURIES
Three Types Soft Tissue Injuries

• Closed

• Open
• Burn
Soft Tissue Injuries - Closed
* Contusion (bruise) * Hematoma

* Crush injuries * Compression injuries

Closed Wound Management
RICES Method
– Rest
– Ice Application
– Compression
– Elevation
– Splint Application
Soft Tissue Injuries - Open

* Abrasion * Laceration * Avulsion

Soft Tissue Injuries - Open
* Amputation * Puncture
* Crush injuries
Open Wound Management

RED Method
– Rest
– Elevate
– Direct pressure
THORACIC TRAUMA

- TENSION PNEUMOTHORAX is the

second leading cause of preventable
death on an operation
 THORACIC TRAUMA

- OPEN
PNEUMOTHORAX
develops when
penetration injuries
allows the pleural
space to be exposed
to atmospheric
pressure “SUCKING
CHEST WOUND”
Severity of Burns

Depth
1. Superficial (First Degree) Burn

• red; no blisters
• painful
• can be swollen
 Severity of Burns
Depth
2. Partial Thickness (Second Degree) Burn

• moist
• red
• swollen
• has blisters
• very painful
Severity of Burns

Depth
3. Full Thickness (Third Degree) Burn

• dry, leathery
• white, dark brown or
charred
• hard to the touch
• numb
BURN MANAGEMENT:
- Clean burns with soap and running water
(15 - 20 minutes), or a dilute water-based
disinfectant to remove loose skin.
- Cover it with loose cloth
- All blisters should be left intact to minimize
the risk of infection.
- Larger blisters or those in an awkward
position (in danger of bursting) should be
aspirated under aseptic technique.
LIFTING
and
MOVING
Lifting Techniques

Guidelines for lifting

consider weight of patient & need for
additional help
know physical ability & limitations
• lift without twisting
• have feet positioned properly
• communicate clearly & frequently with partner
Emergency Moves-
One Rescuer Techniques
Fireman’s carry
Emergency Moves-
Two Rescuer Techniques
Carry by Extremities
Emergency Moves-
Three - Four Rescuer Techniques
Bearer’s along side
Emergency Moves-
Four/Six Rescuer Techniques
Hammock Carry