Drug Enforcement, Vice Control,

and Organized Crime

(Background of illegal drug menace)

1st Semester AY 2022-2023

PLTCOL RAMON CHRISTIAN S LAYGO

 Instructor’s Introduction
 Asst. Head, Registrar
 Asst. Head, CAC Secretariat
 PNPA Kaisang Bisig Class 2009
 Master in Public Administration
–PCU Dasmariňas
 Graduate of IOBC, CRIDEC,
PBIC, HRMOC, TMOC, IDC and
PLTCOL RAMON CHRISTIAN S LAYGO  
other various specialization
courses.
Introduce Yourself
BE IN THE CLASSROOM

On Time
Use of laptop is allowed ONLY when it is needed
in the class activity/exercise.
Use of Cellphone and other electronic device is
strictly prohibited.
No Sleeping and Dozing while on
Classroom Instruction.
Active
participation is
required
 LESSON GOAL

This lesson aims to provide the cadets with

the knowledge on different definition of
terminologies used, the causes of drug
abuse and Classification of dangerous
drugs and effects of drug abuse.

Drug Enforcement, Vice Control, and Organized Crime

 LESSON OBJECTIVES
After this lesson, cadets will be able to:
1. Explain the different terminologies used and
the causes of drug abuse and;

2. Enumerate the Classification of dangerous

drugs and effects of drug abuse.

Drug Enforcement, Vice Control, and Organized Crime

Background/Motivation
Fighting the menace against drug offenders
has become complex because of the legal
requirements which need to be established by the
investigator/s particularly the chain of custody of
gathered evidence from the actual scene of
operation up to its presentation in the court.
 Week 1 & 2
1. Definition of Terms
2. Background of illegal drug menace
a. Drug abuse.
b. The causes of drug abuse.
c. Classification of dangerous drugs
and effects of drug abuse.

Drug Enforcement, Vice Control, and Organized Crime

1. Definition of Terms
Administer - act of introducing any
dangerous drug into the body of any
person, with or without his/her knowledge,
by injection, inhalation, ingestion or other
means.

Board - refers to the Dangerous Drugs

Board (DDB).

Centers - any of the treatment and

rehabilitation centers for drug dependents.
Drug Enforcement, Vice Control, and Organized Crime
Chemical Diversion – the sale,
distribution, supply or transport of
legitimately manufactured or procured
controlled precursors to any person or
entity shall include packaging, relabeling
or concealment of such transaction
through fraud.

Clandestine Laboratory - any facility

used for the illegal manufacture.

Drug Enforcement, Vice Control, and Organized Crime

Confirmatory Test – test using
equipment with a different chemical or
physical principle that is more specific
which will validate and confirm the
result.

Controlled Delivery – the investigative

technique of allowing an unlawful or
suspect consignment to pass into,
through or out of the country.

Drug Enforcement, Vice Control, and Organized Crime

Controlled Precursors and Essential
Chemicals – those listed in Tables I and II
of the 1988 UN Convention Against Illicit
Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and
Psychotropic Substances.

Cultivate or Culture – act of planting of

any plant which is the source of a
dangerous drug.

Drug Enforcement, Vice Control, and Organized Crime

Dangerous Drugs – listed in the
Schedules annexed to the 1961 Single
Convention on Narcotic Drugs, as
amended by the 1972 Protocol, and in
the Schedules annexed to the 1971
Single Convention on Psychotropic
Substances.

Deliver – act of knowingly passing a

dangerous drug to another, personally, or
by any means.
Drug Enforcement, Vice Control, and Organized Crime
Den, Dive, or Resort – place where
dangerous drug is administered,
delivered, or stored for illegal purposes,
distributed, sold, or used.

Dispense – act of giving away, selling, or

distributing with or without the use of
prescription.

Drug Enforcement, Vice Control, and Organized Crime

Drug Dependence – a cluster of
physiological, behavioral, and cognitive
phenomena of variable intensity in which
the use of psychoactive drug takes on a
high priority.

Drug Syndicate – organized group of two

(2) or more persons forming or joining
together.

Drug Enforcement, Vice Control, and Organized Crime

Employee of Den, Dive, or Resort – the
caretaker, helper, watchman, lookout, and
other persons working in the den, dive or
resort, employed by the maintainer,
owner and/or operator with or without
compensation.

Financier – person who pays for, raises or

supplies money for, or underwrites.

Drug Enforcement, Vice Control, and Organized Crime

Illegal Trafficking – the illegal cultivation,
culture, delivery, administration,
dispensation, manufacture, sale, trading,
transportation, distribution, importation,
exportation, and possession.

Instrument – anything that is used in or

intended to be used in any manner in the
commission of illegal drug trafficking.

Drug Enforcement, Vice Control, and Organized Crime

Laboratory Equipment – the materials
when used, intended for use or designed for
use in the manufacture.

Manufacture – the production, preparation,

compounding or processing, either directly or
indirectly or by extraction from substances of
natural origin, or independently by means of
chemical synthesis.

Drug Enforcement, Vice Control, and Organized Crime

Person – any entity, natural or juridical, including a
corporation, partnership, trust or estate, entering
into obligations

Planting of Evidence – willful act by any person of

maliciously and surreptitiously inserting, placing,
adding or attaching directly or indirectly, through
any overt or covert act, in the immediate vicinity of
an innocent individual for the purpose of
implicating, incriminating or imputing the
commission of any violation

Drug Enforcement, Vice Control, and Organized Crime

Practitioner – person who is a licensed
physician, dentist, chemist, medical
technologist, nurse, midwife, veterinarian or
pharmacist in the Philippines.

Protector/Coddler – person who knowingly

and willfully consents to the unlawful acts and
uses his/her influence, power or position in
shielding, harboring, screening or facilitating
the escape of any person or has reasonable
grounds to believe on or suspects.
Drug Enforcement, Vice Control, and Organized Crime
Pusher – person who sells, trades,
administers, dispenses, delivers or gives
away to another or who acts as a broker

Screening Test – a rapid test performed to

establish potential/presumptive positive
result.

Sell – act of giving away whether for money

or any other consideration.

Drug Enforcement, Vice Control, and Organized Crime

Trading – transactions using electronic devices
such as text messages, email, mobile or
landlines, two-way radios, internet, instant
messengers and chat rooms or acting as a
broker whether for money or any other
consideration

Use – any act of injecting, intravenously or

intramuscularly, of consuming, either by
chewing, smoking, sniffing, eating, swallowing,
drinking or introducing into the physiological
system
Drug Enforcement, Vice Control, and Organized Crime
Background Of Illegal Drug Menace
• primitive man started with wild guesses and
discovered how these psychotropic and
psychoactive substances worked.

• psychoactive substances, affect the brain or

alter the state of consciousness, also called
'psychotropic' drug.

• the plant cannabis, known as hemp, was

theorized that many early Chinese inhabitants
in Central Asia had knowledge and made use.

Drug Enforcement, Vice Control, and Organized Crime

• hemp, cultivated as far as 28 B.C. and
found in an Egyptian mummy from 950
B.C.
• stimulants, used for centuries
• cocaine - by natives of South America for
enhancing their stamina, endurance, and
alertness
• ephedrine - native tribes in central asia

Drug Enforcement, Vice Control, and Organized Crime

• cocaine, from leaf of coca plant native in
Andes in South America

• China, ephedrine, found in a plant

'mahuang' used as herbal treatment for
asthma

• cocaine, 1860, as an anesthetic to

ingredient of the Mariani wine patronized by
Pope Pius X

Drug Enforcement, Vice Control, and Organized Crime

• Georgia, John Pemberton, pharmacist,
came out with a Coca-Cola product with a
cocaine formula

• U.S., Narcotic Act of 1914, cocaine

ingredients in goods and drinks was
replaced with caffeine

Drug Enforcement, Vice Control, and Organized Crime

• Sigmund Freud, father of modern
psychoanalysis, popularized the use of
cocaine in Europe; he experimented and
bragged of the euphoria and surge of
energy that he enjoyed and even
prescribed to his patients

• Freud convince his friend Fleischel-Marxow

to shift to cocaine from morphine, however,
became addicted until incurable psychotic

Drug Enforcement, Vice Control, and Organized Crime

• alcohol is not listed as dangerous
drugs or tightly regulated, although it
has psychotropic properties

Drug Enforcement, Vice Control, and Organized Crime

Background of illegal drug menace
How dangerous drugs reach the Philippine territory?
• pass through the international ports of the Philippines
because of corrupt and inefficient personnel and
lack of equipment.
1. sea harbors
• drug traffickers use big containers hidden beneath
commercial items declared as motor parts and the
like
• laxity for regular naval patrol

Drug Enforcement, Vice Control, and Organized Crime

2. Philippine coast lines
• difficult for police patrol to go after vessels
coming in the Philippine territory.
• illicit way, by way of barter trade in
Mindanao, Muslim traders in Zamboanga
and Sulu are front of illegal drug trading.

Drug Enforcement, Vice Control, and Organized Crime

Assessment of the problems of drug abuse
campaign
• unabated corruption of government officials
facilitated the illicit entry and distribution.

• judiciary is concerned so much with the

constitutional rights of drug traffickers.

Drug Enforcement, Vice Control, and Organized Crime

Recommendations
• the
government should come up with and
adopt a more effective alternative.

• treatmentand rehabilitation and preventive

education program should be given premium.

Drug Enforcement, Vice Control, and Organized Crime

• encourage families to foster close parental
relations with their children.

• mediamust raise strict standards in order

to prevent movies that are not consistent
to the objective of drug-free society.

Drug Enforcement, Vice Control, and Organized Crime

Drug Abuse
Drug Abuse
• deliberately taking a substance for other
than its intended purpose.
• damage to person's health or ability to
function.
• taking of drug without medical supervision.
• common element: misuse “abuse” of drugs.

Drug Enforcement, Vice Control, and Organized Crime

Some basic concepts in drug abuse
1. drug dependence
• a state, psychic or also sometimes physical,
resulting from the interaction between a
living orgnism and a drug
• characterizedby behavioral and other
responses which include compulsive desire
to use drug.
• drug became the main focus of his life.
• maybe physical or psychological or both.
Drug Enforcement, Vice Control, and Organized Crime
2. physical dependence
• cause change in the body when taken
frequently in large doses over a long period
of time.
• use of drugs is stopped, the showing
withdrawal symptoms.
• anotherterm for physical dependence is
drug addiction.
• fromdrug user to physical dependence is a
drug dependence.
Drug Enforcement, Vice Control, and Organized Crime
3. psychological dependence
• drug abuser is convinced in his mind that he
needs the drugs.
• mental or emotional need.
• cannot be happy or satisfied without drug.
• also known as drug habituation.

Drug Enforcement, Vice Control, and Organized Crime

4. drug tolerance
• the body can tolerate more and more of
the drug.

5. polydrug abuse
• taking of two or more drugs.

• mix alcohol and drugs.

Drug Enforcement, Vice Control, and Organized Crime

Classification of dangerous drugs and
effects of drug abuse
drug - any chemical put into the body that
change person's mental state or bodily
functions

• (webster) - any substance, other than

food; also refer to a narcotic or any
substance to obtain a physiological
effect or to satisfy a craving

Drug Enforcement, Vice Control, and Organized Crime

• drug, in form of vitamins, cough syrups,
anti-aging pills, aspirins, beer, caffeine
plentiful in the brewed coffee served in
Jollibee or Chowking.

• drugs, in jest, preoccupied like compulsive

sex, gambling, shopping where craving is
so obsessive.

Drug Enforcement, Vice Control, and Organized Crime

• drug is ingested, toxin is involuntary.

• drugs are plentiful in plants; primitive man

sought comfort, pleasure, and cure for his
physical ills in the leaves, barks, roots,
and fruits of plants and trees.

• fungi, cactus and other plants (hemp)

contain psychoactive substances.

Drug Enforcement, Vice Control, and Organized Crime

Classification of dangerous drugs and
effects of drug abuse
Cannabis or “Marijuana” or "Indian
Hemp“ – specie of the plant Cannabis
sativa L., or any part or portion of the
plant and seeds.

Drug Enforcement, Vice Control, and Organized Crime

Opium – refers to the
coagulated juice of the
opium poppy (Papaver
somniferum L.)

Drug Enforcement, Vice Control, and Organized Crime

Methamphetamine Hydrochloride or
"Shabu" – drug having such chemical
composition, including any of its isomers
or derivatives.

Drug Enforcement, Vice Control, and Organized Crime

Methylenedioxymethamphetamine
(MDMA) or "Ecstasy“ – drug having
such chemical composition, including
any of its isomers or derivatives.

Drug Enforcement, Vice Control, and Organized Crime

Opium Poppy – refers to any part of the
plant of the species Papaver
somniferum L., Papaver setigerum DC,
Papaver orientale, Papaver
bracteatum and Papaver rhoea.
Drug Enforcement, Vice Control, and Organized Crime
 SUMMARY
1. Definition of Terms
2. Background of illegal drug menace
a. Drug abuse
b. The causes of drug abuse
c. Classification of dangerous drugs and effects
of drug abuse