Sistim penanganan abu

Abu padat
Abu terbang
 Bottom and Fly ash
 Bottom ash problems
- cooling system
- transportation
- temporary storage
 fly ash problems
- erosion
- heating surface fouling,
- ash precipitator,particle emission limit
- transportation and disposal area
 Boiler Circulation

 Boiler circulating pump, vent and drain

- Natural and Forced Circulating Boiler
- Vent and Drain Function
 NATURAL CIRCULATION
 The water/steam circulates naturally by the
density different (static head different) between
the higher temperature fluid and the lower
temperature fluid
STEAM Characteristic of Natural Circulation
(Ms)
 Circulation Ratio = Mw/Ms is bigger
 The water wall tubes normally have
larger diameter to reduce the pressure
WATER
drop of steam/water inside the tubes
DOWNTAKE or DOWNCOMER

(Mw)
Steam +
Water  Friction factors that oppose circulation:
 friction between water and metal
tube (+ any scale deposit inside the
HOT SIDE
COLD SIDE

tube)
 friction in tube bent
 friction in lower drum and header
 friction around upper drum internal
 FORCED CIRCULATION
 The water/steam circulation assisted by
circulating pump
 The circulating pump provide addition head to the
existing thermal head
Ms Characteristic of Forced Circulation
 Circulation Ratio = Mw/Ms is smaller
Mw
 The steam produced is higher then
COLD SIDE

Natural Circulation Boiler for the same

running time
 Furnished with Orifice located at the inlet
of Furnace Wall tubes to assist in
HOT SIDE

obtaining an adequate water flow of

varying length and heat absorbtion. The
other functions:
 create pressure drop
CIRCULATING  measure the water flow
PUMP ORIFICE
 regulate the flow balance