FHSP1014 PHYSICS I

REVISION 1 (L1 TO L8)

 PHYSICS I
FINAL ASSESSMENT
DATE: 24/09/2021 (FRIDAY) TIME: 9:00AM TO 12:00 PM (3 HOURS)

ASSESSMENT COMPONENTS
QUESTION 1: (COMPULSORY)
• LECTURE 1 & 2: INTRODUCTION (DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS); VECTOR ADDITION
• LECTURE 3: TRANSLATIONAL KINEMATICS (VERTICAL MOTION)
• LECTURE 4: FORCES (INCLINED PLANE WITH FRICTION)
QUESTION 2: (COMPULSORY)
• LECTURE 10: FLUID MECHANICS (ARCHIMEDES' PRINCIPLE)
• LECTURE 11: TEMPERATURE AND HEAT (TEMPERATURE SCALE CONVERSION & HEAT ENERGY
CALCULATIONS SUCH AS LATENT HEAT & SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY)
QUESTION 3: (Q3 & Q4 CHOOSE ONE)
• LECTURE 3 & 4: KINEMATICS (VERTICAL MOTION) & FORCES (THEORY)
• LECTURE 5: ENERGY (ELASTIC PE OR WORK DONE ON SPRING AND FORCE ON SPRING )
• LECTURE 6: ELASTIC & INELASTIC COLLISIONS (BULLET CASE)
QUESTION 4: (Q3 & Q4 CHOOSE ONE)
LECTURE 6 TO 7: CIRCULAR MOTION (LOOP-THE-LOOP & ENERGY); ROTATIONAL MOTION &
DYNAMIC I (ANGULAR KINEMATICS)
QUESTION 5: (Q5 & Q6 CHOOSE ONE)
• LECTURE 9: PROPERTIES OF MATTER – YOUNG’S MODULUS & ULTIMATE STRENGTH
• LECTURE 10 & 12: FLUID MECHANICS (IDEAL GAS LAW) & TEMPERATURE AND HEAT II
(CONDUCTION & RADIATION)
QUESTION 6: (Q5 & Q6 CHOOSE ONE)
• LECTURE 11 & 12: TEMPERATURE AND HEAT I & II (ENERGY CONVERSION; THERMODYNAMICS
PROCESSES)
 DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS
QUANTITY DIMENSION TABLE: Dimensions of Some Common Physical
Quantities
Mass M
Quantity Dimension
Length L
Distance L
Time T
Area L2
Electric Current A
Volume L3
Temperature θ
Velocity L/T
Amount of matter N
Acceleration L/T2
Energy ML2/T2
• Limitations of dimensional analysis:
(i) constants without units (numerical factors) – no dimension. Note: Not all constants are dimensionless!
(ii) + or – sign in an equation cannot be detected.
(iii) trigonometry (sine, cosine, tangent) cannot be detected.
• When the terms of an equation have been converted into the form of dimension, these dimensional forms can
only be multiplied or divided but cannot be added or subtracted.
• For any side of an equation having more than 1 term being added or subtracted, each of the terms must
have the same dimensions. Cannot add/subtract the dimensions of the terms. Can only compare any two
terms within the same equation.
Q1.

[Ans: M/LT]
 VECTORS
Table below shows A single-celled E.coli bacteria moves in zig-zag from point A to point e in a
medium.

[Ans: 45.5 units; 20.6 units, 338° or 21.9° S of E]

 TRANSLATIONAL KINEMATICS
Kinematics Equations (x-direction)
(Constant acceleration)
For x-direction:
• Left is –ve and Right is +ve direction
Kinematics Equation (y-direction)
(Constant acceleration)
For y-direction:
• Down is –ve and Up is +ve direction
• Fall/Fell: –ve velocity and displacement with u = 0
• Throw: Upward, u is +ve
Downward, u is –ve
• At maximum height, v = 0
• For object being thrown up from a level and fall down
to the same level, total displacement = 0
Q3. A lead ball is thrown 5.50 m vertically up from the top floor of a tower. The height of the tower is 55.0
m. Determine the velocity of the ball after it has travelled 9.50 m below its initial position.
[Ans: –17.2 m/s]
 FORCES
NEWTON’S FIRST LAW: (When the forces are balanced)
In the absence of any net external force, an object will
• keep moving at a constant speed in a straight line, or
• remain at rest.
NEWTON’S SECOND LAW: (When the forces are not balanced)
Whenever a resultant force acts on an object, it produces an acceleration - an acceleration that is
• directly proportional to the net force, and
• inversely proportional to the mass.
NEWTON’S THIRD LAW:
For every force that acts on an object, there is a reaction force acting on a different object that is equal in
magnitude and opposite in direction. These forces are called action-reaction pairs.
 FRICTIONAL FORCE OR FRICTION
Friction (a force the opposes motion direction) between solids is generally classified into 2 types :
• Static friction, fs (v = 0, Not moving or at rest)

• Kinetic friction, fk (v constant)

The static frictional force keeps an object from starting to move when a force is applied. The static
frictional force has a maximum value, but may take on any value from zero to the maximum,
depending on what is needed to keep the sum of forces zero.

Kinetic friction: the friction experienced by surfaces sliding against one another.

fk = mkN
Q4. State all the forces with frictions in x- and y- directions for the following conditions.
(a) Object at rest: (b) Object at constant velocity:

m m
F F
θ θ

(c) Object accelerates up the incline: (d) Object accelerates down the incline:
a a

m m
F F
θ θ
 WORK & ENERGY
WORK DONE (W)
• The work done is equal to the product of the component of the force Fx in the direction of the displacement
multiplied by the displacement x, and is a scalar quantity. SI unit: newton-meter (N·m) = Joule (J)

where θ = angle between F and x

Total work done, Went = WF + Wfk

Work done by friction, Wfk = −fk . x
= Fnet .x
= −μkN . x = ∆KE =

= losses (in work-energy theorem)

SPRING SYSTEM
Extension of spring:

Applied force on to the spring,

Pull back force by the spring,

Compression of spring:

Applied force on to the spring,

Push away force by the spring,

Work done by the spring = Elastic potential energy

=
ENERGY
Mechanical Energy involves both kinetic energy (KE) and potential energy (PE or U). The PE may
involve gravitational PE (mgy), elastics PE (1/2kx2), etc.
The Principle of Conservation of Mechanical Energy

Without friction: With friction:

 COLLISIONS
• Elastic Collision : total momentum and total kinetic energy are conserved.

• Inelastic Collision : total momentum is conserved but total kinetic energy is not conserved.

NOTE: The +ve or –ve direction of velocities are very important !!!
 CIRCULAR MOTION & ROTATION
An object moving in a circle must experience a force acting on it; otherwise it would move in a straight line (1st
Law).
• constant speed or tangential speed or linear speed is tangential to the path.
• constant force is towards the center, named centripetal force.
The magnitude of the centripetal acceleration is given by:

Newton’s 2nd Law says that the centripetal acceleration is produced by a force
called centripetal force:
VERTICAL CIRCLE: LOOP-THE-LOOP
At top:

Critical speed happens when n = 0,

At bottom:

Energy from bottom to top:

ANGULAR When period, T is involved (constant
DISPLACEMENT, θ speed):
1 revolution (rev) = 2 rad
Angular speed,
Units: rad
×2 Units: rad/s
rev rad

ANGULAR VELOCITY or Tangential speed,

ANGULAR SPEED, ω

Units: rad/s

rpm → rad/s Units: m/s

ANGULAR
ACCELERATION, α

Units: rad/s2
Q5. Determine the speed of the bullet. [Ans: 491 m/s]
(A)

12.0 cm

10.0 g
3.20 kg

(B) A bullet of mass m and speed v passes completely through a

pendulum bob of mass M as shown in figure. The bullet emerges
with a speed of v/2. The pendulum bob is suspended by a stiff rod
of length and negligible mass. Show that the minimum value of
v such that the bob will barely swing through a complete vertical
circle is
 ROTATIONAL KINEMATICS
Analogies between linear and rotational kinematics: (for constant accelerations)

For constant angular speed, ω:

Q6. At t = 0 a grinding wheel has an angular velocity of 24.0 rad/s. It has a constant acceleration of 30.0
rad/s2 until a circuit breaker trips at t = 2.00 s. From then on, it turns through 432 rad as it costs to a stop
at constant angular acceleration.
(a) Through what total angle did the wheel turn between t = 0 and the time it stopped?
(b) At what time did it stop?
(c) What was its acceleration as it slowed down? [Ans: 108 rad, 12.3 s, –8.16 rad/s2]
To Be Continued…