FINAL YEAR PROJECT

 DEFENCE PRESENTATION-I
GROUP MEMBERS:
AVEENASH (EE191002)
UMER ALAM (EE191020)
MUHAMMAD MOIZ UD-DIN (EE191019)

ADVISOR:
ENGR MAKHDOOMZADA ASADULLAH SIDDIQUI
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR DHA SUFFA University
OUR PROPOSED FYP TITLE:

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF

A 4 QUADRANT DC CHOPPER DRIVE
FOR DC MOTOR SPEED CONTROL
 INTRODUCTION:

The application of DC-DC convertors are widely found in Switched-mode power supplies, used
for speed control for DC motors ,used in stepper motors in actuators battery charging
and renewable energy.

The main goal of our project is to design and implement a speed control drive for a DC motor in
four quadrants with the help of a Four different quadrant DC Choppers to achieve clockwise,
counter clockwise, forward regenerative braking and reverse regenerative braking modes of a DC
motor.

We will be implementing pulse width modulation (PWM) switching technique for obtaining a
variable dc voltage at the output of the drive. We can obtain Our desired speed by changing the
duty cycle “ d “ of the chopper which will provide a variable DC output to the Load.
           
   
 OBJECTIVE:

Our objective is to simulate and develop a DC motor drive for controlling

the speed of DC motor and to control the direction of the motor to operate
in clockwise , anti clockwise , forward braking and reverse braking modes.


DELIVERABLES:

 PROJECT HARDWARE ( DC MOTOR DRIVE)

 Project report

 Conference paper
PROBLEM STATEMENT:

 For controlling the speed of a DC motor we need a microcontroller

and a certain speed control technique. As we know that a DC motor
need high current but if we control the flow of current from the
microcontroller to the motor we might damage the microcontroller.

 When switching the IGBTs by using pulse width modulation

(PWM) there are switching losses, voltage and current spikes. [1]
 PROPOSED SOLUTION:

 For this problem we will develop a DC chopper drive which will have the
capability of operating in all four quadrants of a V-I plane.

 To minimize the switching losses, voltage and current spikes we implement

a free-wheeling diode phenomenon and soft switching techniques that will help in
minimize voltage ripples and to maintain voltage at minimum
switching losses.  [1]
 LITERATURE REVIEW:
 Four Quadrant DC Chopper Modes[3]
 1st quadrant operation.
 2nd quadrant operation.
 3rd quadrant operation.
 4th quadrant operation.

 Controlling technique[1]
 Proportional-Integral type which minimizes the delay and provides fast control.

 Switching technique[1]
 We will be using PWM switching technique .
 The SDGs that are fulfilled by our Project are:

 GOAL 7: Affordable and Clean Energy

 GOAL 12: Responsible Consumption and Production
 GOAL 9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
 METHODOLOGY:

 Human machine interface (HMI) is a device through which an operator interacts with a
microcontroller (arduino, raspberry pi , plc etc) and the microcontroller acts according to the
operator commands . 

 The speed of DC motor can be controlled from 0 to rated speed using chopper. The chopper
firing circuit receives signal from controller and the chopper responds by providing variable
voltage to the armature of the motor for achieving desired speed. 

 After obtaining the complete model of the system, it is simulated using MATLAB(Simulink)and
LTspice The simulation of DC motor drive is done and analyzed under various speed conditions.
BLOCK DIAGRAM:

FIG 1
 DC CHOPPERS:
 A chopper is a static power electronic device that converts fixed DC input voltage to variable dc output voltage.
The average value of output voltage Vo can be controlled through duty cycle by opening and closing of
semiconductor switch periodically.
CLASSIFICATION OF CHOPPER:
1. Class A Chopper – The first quadrant chopper operates in the 1 quadrant of V-I plane with power flowing through
source to load as both V and I are positive (forward mode).
2. Class B Chopper – The second quadrant chopper operates in the 2 quadrant of the V-I plane with power flowing from
load to source as I is negative (regenerative braking).
3. Class C Chopper – The Two quadrant chopper operated in the first and the second quadrant of the V-I plane hence the
power is bi-directional (reverse mode).
4. Class D Chopper – The two quadrant chopper operates in the first and fourth quadrant of the V-I plane the power is bi-
directional (braking).
5. Four Quadrant Chopper or Class-E Chopper-A four quadrant chopper is a chopper which can operated in all the four
quadrants.
  DC CHOPPERS:
 We will be using all four quadrants therefore the DC motor runs in forward direction , reverse
mode, forward regenerative mode and in reverse regenerative mode.

FIG: 2 FIG: 3
 THE NEED OF SOCIETY:
 The device is very useful for industries operation since industries
usually require DC motor to operate in all four quadrants for various
operational cases.

  FUTURE SCOPE:
 For the control of electric vehicle’s motor ( EVs).
 Usage in hybrid electric vehicles ( HEVs).
POSSIBLE CONSTRAINTS (RISK) :

 Lack of availability of equipment.

 There is a high risk of damaging of our equipment because of high

voltage and high current.
 GANTT CHART:
7 SEMESTER 8 SEMESTER

NOV         DEC         JAN         FEB        MAR       APR      MAY       JUN    JULY

PROPOSED FYP
RESEARCH
LITERATURE REVIEW

IMPLEMENTATION ( ON
HARDWARE)
SIMULATION

TESTING

DOCUMENTATION
REFERENCES:

[1] (DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF FOUR QUADRANT DC DRIVE USING CHOPPER)

Author: Nikhil Krishna Bajjuri, Budigapaka Nagaraju, P. Vinod Kumar
DOI: 10.1109/EESCO.2015.7253726

[2] (FOUR QUADRANT OPERATION OF DC MOTOR)

Authors: Prof. Upendra Pal Singh1 , Avinash Kr. Vishwakarma2 , Deepak
Kushwah , Kashif , Ashish Singh.
ISSN (Online) 2581-9429

[3] (DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF FOUR QUADRANT DC DRIVE USING CLASS E CHOPPER)
    Authors:  Rajesh Shrivastava, Priyank Shrivastava, Dr. Manish Sawale, Prof. Manju Gupta
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
THANK YOU