𝗕𝗮𝗵𝗮𝘀𝗮 𝗶𝗻𝗴𝗿𝗶𝘀 𝗺𝗮𝘁𝗲𝗺𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗸𝗮

𝗗𝗼𝘀𝗲𝗻 𝗽𝗲𝗻𝗴𝗮𝗺𝗽𝘂: 𝘇𝗮𝗶𝗳𝘂𝗹 𝘂𝗹𝘂𝗺, 𝗠.𝗦𝗰

𝗞𝗲𝗹𝗼𝗺𝗽𝗼𝗸 𝟳
𝗗𝗮𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗵𝘂𝗿𝗶(𝟮𝟬𝟰𝟲𝟲𝟭𝟭𝟬𝟬𝟮)
𝗠𝗮𝘀𝗹𝘂𝗵𝗮 (𝟮𝟬𝟰𝟲𝟲𝟭𝟭𝟬𝟬𝟱)

𝗜𝗻𝗲𝗾𝘂𝗮𝗹𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗲𝘀
1.USING INTERVAL NOTATION,
2.USING PROPERTIES OF INEQUALITIES,
3.SOLVING INEQUALITIES
1. USE INTERVAL NOTATION
Let a and b represent two real numbers with
a< b
DEFINITION
 
 
 
 Table 1 summarizes interval notation, corresponding inequality notation,
and their graphs.
Table 1
Interval Inequality Graph
a<x<b ( )
The open interval (a, b) a b
a<x<b [ ]
The closed interval [a, b]
a b
a<x<b [ )
The half-open interval [a, b) a b
a<x<b ( ]
The half-open interval (a, b] a b
x>a [
The interval [a, ∞) a
x>a (
The interval (a, ∞) a
x<a ]
a

x<a )
a
All real numbers
EXAMPLE
1
Writing Inequalities Using Interval Notation
Write each inequality using interval notation.

(a) 1 < 𝑥 < 3 . In interval notation, we write [1. 3].

(b) In interval notation, -4 < 𝑥 < 0 is written (-4, 0).
(c) 𝑥 > 5 . In interval notation, we write (5, ∞).
(d) In interval notation, .𝑥 < 1 is written (-∞, 1]
EXAMPLE
2

Writing Inequalities Using Interval Notation

 

(a) [1,4) consists of all numbers 𝑥 for which 1 < 𝑥 < 4.

(b) (2, ∞ ) consists of all numbers 𝑥 for which 𝑥 > 2.
(c) [2,3] consists of all numbers 𝑥 for which 2 < 𝑥 < 3.
(d) (- ∞ ,-3] consists of all numbers 𝑥 for which 𝑥 < -3.
2. USE PROPERTIES OF
INEQUALITIES
 

Nonnegative Property
For any real number a,
 
If we add the same number to both sides of an inequality, we obtain an
equivalent inequality. For example, since 3 < 5 then 3 + 4 < 5 + 4 or 7 < 9
This is called the addition property of inequalities.

Addition Property of Inequalities

For real numbers a, b, and c,

 
 

Figure 2
c units - c units

c units - c units

a b a+c b+c a+c b+c a b

(a) If a < b and c > 0, then (b) If a < b and c < 0,

a + c < b + c. then a + c < b + c.
EXAMPLE
3
Addition Property of Inequalities

(a) If 𝑥 < -5, then 𝑥 + 5 < -5 + 5 or 𝑥 + 5 < 0.

(b)If 𝑥 > 2, then 𝑥 + (-2) > 2 + (-2) or 𝑥 - 2 > 0.
EXAMPLE
4
Multiplying an Inequality by a Positive Number
Express as an inequality the result of multiplying each side of the
inequality 3 < 7 by 2.

SOLUTION Begin with

3<7
Multiplying each side by 2 yields the numbers 6 and 14, so we have
6 < 14
EXAMPLE
5
Multiplying an Inequality by a Negative Number
Express as an inequality the result of multiplying each side of the inequality
9 > 2 by -4.
SOLUTION Begin with
9>2
Multiplying each side by -4 yields the numbers -36 and -8, so we have
-36 < -8

Note that the effect of multiplying both sides of 9 > 2 by the negative number
-4 is that the direction of the inequality symbol is reversed.
Examples 4 and 5 illustrate the following general multiplication properties
for inequalities:

Multiplication Properties for Inequalities

For real numbers a, b, and c,

 
EXAMPLE
6
Multiplication Property of Inequalities
 
Reciprocal Property for Inequalities