GENERAL MATHEMATICS

CHAPTER 1. FUNCTIONS AND THEIR GRAPHS

LESSON 3: Domain and Range
Operations on Functions

Ms. Arlyn G. Calipayan

Subject Teacher
 TWO IMPORTANT FACTORS

1.DOMAIN
the set of x values
denoted by D

2. RANGE
the set of y values
denoted by R
EXAMPLES:
g = {(0,5), (1,5),(2,6),(2,7),(3,8)
D = {0,1,2,3}
R = {5,6,7,8}
g = {(0,5), (1,5),(2,6),(2,7),(3,8)
y

x
g = {(1,1), (2,2,(3,3),(4,4),(5,5)
y

x
ABSCISSA
The domain of a graph consist of all input
values shown on the x-axis

ORDINATES

The range is the set of possible output

values, which are shown on the y-axis
HOW TO FIND THE DOMAIN AND RANGE GIVEN THE
DIFFERENT RELATION.
Note: Write the values in ascending order following in the number line

1. SET (ORDERED PAIR)

r = {(1,2),(2,2),(3,5),(4,5)}
D = {1,2,3,4}

r = {2,5}
r = {(1,-1),(2,-3),(0,5),(-1,3),(4,-5),(-1,5),(4,4)

D = {-1,0,1,2,4}

R = {-5,-4,-3,-1, 3,5}
2. TABLE OF VALUES
x 0 2 4 6 8
y -5 -4 -3 -2 -1

D = {0,2,4,6,8}

r = {-5,-4,-3,-2,-1}
3. MAPPING

2 20

4 30

3 40

D = {2, 3,4}

R = {20, 30, 40}

4. GRAPH

Note: You can write the domain and range of a graph using – SET
BUILDER NOTATION and INTERVAL NOTATION.

SET BUILDER NOTATION

Is a method of specifying a set of elements

that satisfy a certain condition.
It takes the form {x/ statement about x}{x / statement about x }
which is read as
“the set of all x such that the statement about x is true.”

EXAMPLES:

{X/ -3 < X ≤ 1}
INTERVAL NOTATION

 Is a way of describing sets that include all real

numbers between a lower limit that may or may
not be included and an upper limit that may or
may not be included.
The endpoint values - or are listed
between brackets or parentheses.

A square bracket *[ ] * indicates inclusion in the set

Parenthesis “( ) “ indicates exclusion from the set
Write the following inequalities
in interval notation and graph it. Express each of the following
intervals in set-builder notation.
1. { x/x ≤ 3}
2. { x/-2 < x ≤ 4} 7. ( 2, 8)
3. { x/-9 ≤ x ≤ 0} 8. [ -5, 0)
4. { x/x > - 4} 9. ( 3, ∞ )
5. { x/x < -3} 10. (- ∞, -4 ]
6. { x/x ≥ 6}
O – An open circle (< , >)

INTERVAL:
D= (-3, 1]
R= [-4, 0)

SET BUILDER:
D= {X/ - 3 < X ≤ 1}
R= {X/ - 4 ≤ X < 0}

O – closed, or shaded circle ( ≥ ) ( ≤ ) .

Infinity ( ∞ )
INTERVAL:
D= (, )
R= (, )

SET BUILDER:
D=}
R= }
INTERVAL:
D= (, ]  
R= [0, )

SET BUILDER:
D={x/x ≤ 1 }
R= { y/ y ≥ 0}
INTERVAL:
D= (, )
R= (, )

SET BUILDER:
D={ }
R = { y/ y ≥ 0 }
INTERVAL:
D= ( -7, 0] (1, 6]
R= [-3, 4]

SET BUILDER:
D={x/-7 < x ≤ 0 or 1 < x ≤ 6 }
R= { y/ y ≥ 0}
 OPERATIONS ON FUNCTION

Given two functions f and g we may form new functions defined as follows:

f+g (f + g )(x) = f(x) + g(x)

f–g (f - g )(x) = f(x) - g(x)
f*g (f * g )(x) = f(x) * g(x)
Examples:
Given: 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 + 4 , 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 3, find (𝑓 + 𝑔)(𝑥) and
(𝑓 − 𝑔)(𝑥).

1. (𝑓+𝑔)(𝑥 )
2. (𝑓 − 𝑔)(𝑥)
3. Given: 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 3 , 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 +
1,
Find (f • g)(x).
4. Given 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 4 , 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 2,
Find ( 𝑓 𝑔 )(x).
5.Given: 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 3 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 9.
Compute (𝑓 + 𝑔)(𝑥), (𝑓 − 𝑔)(𝑥), (𝑓. 𝑔)(𝑥) and ( 𝑓 𝑔 )(𝑥).

a. (𝑓 + 𝑔)𝑥 = 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑔(𝑥)

b. (𝑓 − 𝑔)𝑥 = 𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑔(𝑥)
c. (𝑓 . 𝑔) = 𝑓(𝑥) . 𝑔(𝑥)
D.
Prepared by: Ms. Arlyn G. Calipayan