P E 1 0 4: SPORTS, OUTDOOR AND

ADVENTURE

UNIT 1
SPORTS CONCEPTS
◦ At the end of the unit, you will able to:

 Discuss the concepts of sports and its importance

 Demonstrate the preventive measure for in sports injuries

CONTAINED LESSON:

◦ Lesson 1: Basic concepts of sports

and its importance

◦ Lesson 2 : Sports injuries and

Preventive measures
 LESSON 1: BASIC CONCEPTS OF SPORTS AND ITS
IMPORTANCE
WHAT IS SPORT?

• an activity involving physical exertion and skill in which an individual or team

competes against another or others for entertainment.

WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF SPORTS?

• INDIVIDUAL SPORTS
• TEAM SPORTS
 INDIVIDUAL SPORTS
◦ Individual sports emphasize the training and dedication needed to
succeed in sports where each player has only themselves to count on. 
◦ Participating in either team or individual sports provides an excellent
opportunity for students to improve their health and stay in shape. Sports
also improve agility, endurance, hand-eye coordination and fine and
gross motor skills. But team sports vs. individual sports differ in terms of
advantages and disadvantages.
TEAM SPORTS

◦ Team sports emphasize cooperation with others, working together as a team

and finding ways to win through managing the strengths and weaknesses of
other players.
◦ The biggest advantage of team sports involves learning to work with others to
achieve a common goal. As each player learns their role and the abilities of
those around them, they become less focused on themselves and more focused
on what the team can achieve. They celebrate wins together and share the
burden of a loss.
 CATEGORIZATION OF SPORT
Sport can be categorized from various standpoints. We can distinguish various categories in sport activities
according to:

◦ The purpose, aim or objective of the sport:

◦ 1) recreational sport/ sport for all, competitive sport, elite sport/ top performance sport

◦ 2) amateur sport, professional sport

The sport facility or environment used

The equipment or gear used

◦ The number of participants.

◦ The sex (gender) of participants: men’s/ male sport, women’s/ female sport

◦ The age of participants: sport of children, junior sport, senior sport, sport of veterans

◦ The participants’ approach to sport: active sport, passive sport (spectators)

◦ The required courage, physical exertion and highly specialized gear: extreme sports, action sports,
adrenaline sports

◦ The usual, typical or prevailing season of practising the sport: summer sports, winter sports, all-
season sports

◦ The regional criteria: local sport, regional sport, national sport, traditional sport, Olympic sport,
worldwide/ global sports

◦ The importance, popularity and publicity in media: major sports, minor sports

◦ The way of performance: contact sports, combat sports, Martial arts

 ACTIVE AND PASSIVE SPORT

Active sport is either recreational or competitive and top performance.

◦ Active recreation refers to a structured individual or team activity that requires the use of
special facilities, courses, fields, or equipment.
◦ Passive recreation refers to recreational activities that do not require prepared facilities
like sports fields or pavilions.
◦ . Passive sport is also important because spectators and fans can encourage sportsmen and players and help improve
so their performance. Spectators can be one of the income sources for sport clubs too.
 RECREATIONAL, COMPETITIVE AND ELITE SPORT

◦ Recreational sport is also called sport for all and is done for various purposes,
but mainly for fun and entertainment in leisure time.
◦ Competitive sport is done mainly for performance, for achieving good results in
competitions, defeating opponents and becoming the winner or record holder.
People who do competitive sport train hard and regularly and participate in
various forms of competition. They are organized and belong to different sport
teams, clubs, associations or federations.
◦ The highest level of competitive sport is elite sport (top performance sport). Elite
athletes must sacrifice almost everything to their sport.
 AMATEUR AND PROFESSIONAL SPORT
◦ Amateur sportsmen take part in sport because of the enjoyment and satisfaction gained
from the activity. They train and compete in their leisure time, usually after work or at
weekends. They are not paid for that.
◦ Professional sport is a paid form of participation in sport events. Professional athletes
make living through sport, do sport as a job, are paid to compete in sport. Winning and
success are the most important things. The more successful professionals are the more
money they earn. They usually train full-time and devote themselves to their sport. They
sign contracts with different organisations or firms, have to train properly, participate in
competitions, promote the employer or his/her products, take part in press conferences,
advertising campaigns, etc.
 SPORT COMPETITION
◦It is an organized sport event in which participants – competitors want to become winners, strive
to achieve the best possible results, to show an excellent performance, to beat opponents, to set or
break records, or want to test their abilities and skills and compare them with those of the other
competitors. Those who enter for a competition are obliged to keep (observe) the rules.
Breaking (violating) the rules is penalized or punished in various ways.
◦Officials are people who conduct competitions, assess performances of competitors, referee
games, decide the result of a competition. They are called different names, such as referees,
judges, or umpires
◦ Competitions We speak about races in athletics, cycling or skiing, players and teams
play matches, participate in tournaments, leagues, or cups, horse riders or motor-bikers have
their trophies, motor racers compete in rallies, windsurfers, yachtsmen and rowmen take part
in regattas, boxers fight in bouts, the name combat or contest is used in some combat sports, etc.
Major competitions are called championships.
 IMPORTANCE OF SPORTS
◦ IMPORTANCE FOR HEALTH
By indulging in sports, you can get the best exercises, which help maintain youroverall fitness.
Sports inculcates in students the importance of a healthy lifestyle.
Regular sports and physical activity help prevent communicable and non-communicable diseases.
◦ SOCIAL AND PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT
Sports activities make children acquire ethics, values, responsibility, discipline, and a sense of confidence and mutual
trust.
◦ NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
The main contribution of sports to nation building is by fostering feelings of unity and national pride
Sports also help build a good health status of the citizens of a country.
LESSON 2 : SPORTS INJURIES
AND PREVENTIVE
MEASURES
SPORTS INJURIES
◦Sports injuries occur during exercise or while participating in a
sport. Children are particularly at risk for these types of injuries, but
adults can get them, too.
◦ You’re at risk for sports injuries if you:
 haven’t been regularly active
 don’t warm up properly before exercise
 play contact sports
TYPES OF SPORTS INJURIES

◦ Different sports injuries produce different symptoms and complications. The most common types of
sports injuries include:
◦ Sprains. Overstretching or tearing the ligaments results in a sprain. Ligaments are pieces of tissue that
connect two bones to one another in a joint.
TYPES OF SPORTS INJURIES

◦ Knee injuries. Any injury that interferes with how the knee joint moves could be a sports injury. It could
range from an overstretch to a tear in the muscles or tissues in the knee
TYPES OF SPORTS INJURIES

◦ Swollen muscles. Swelling is a natural reaction to an injury. Swollen muscles may also be painful and
weak.
TYPES OF SPORTS INJURIES

◦ Fractures. Bone fracture are also known as broken bones.

TYPES OF SPORTS INJURIES

◦ Dislocations. Sports injuries may dislocate a bone in your body. When that happens, a bone is forced out
of its socket. This can be painful and lead to swelling and weakness.
TYPES OF SPORTS INJURIES

◦ Bruises. a blow can cause small bleeds into the skin.

TYPES OF SPORTS INJURIES

◦ Cuts and abrasions. are usually caused by falls. The knees and hands are particularly prone.
TYPES OF SPORTS INJURIES

Nose injuries. either blood nose or broken nose, are caused by a direct blow.
SPORTS INJURIES TREATMENT
◦ The RICE method is a common treatment regimen for sports injuries. It stands for:

This treatment method is helpful for mild sports

injuries. For best results, follow the RICE
method within the first 24 to 36 hours after the
injury. It can help reduce swelling and prevent
additional pain and bruising in the early days
after a sports injury.
 
Watch the procedure here:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=HimO1Ix8FrM
 SPORTS INJURIES TREATMENT
◦ If your sports injury looks or feels severe, make an appointment to see your doctor. Seek emergency care if the injured joint
shows signs of:

 severe swelling and pain

 visible lumps, bumps, or other deformities
 popping or crunching sounds when you use the joint
 weakness or inability to put weight on the joint instability

◦ Also seek emergency attention if you experience any of the following after an injury:

 difficulty breathing
 dizziness
 fever.

 Serious sports injuries can require surgery and physical therapy. If the injury doesn’t heal within two weeks, contact your
doctor for an appointment
 SPORTS INJURIES PREVENTION
◦The best way to prevent a sports injury is to warm up properly and stretch. Cold muscles are prone to overstretching and
tears. Warm muscles are more flexible. They can absorb quick movements, bends, and jerks, making injury less likely.

◦ Also take these steps to avoid sports injuries:

◦ Use the proper technique

 Learn the proper way to move during your sport or activity. Different types of exercise require different stances and postures. For
example, in some sports, bending your knees at the right time can help avoid an injury to your spine or hips.

◦ Have the proper equipment

 Wear the right shoes. Make sure you have the proper athletic protection. Ill-fitting shoes or gear can increase your risk for injury.

◦ Don’t overdo it

 If you do get hurt, make sure you’re healed before you start the activity again. Don’t try to “work through” the pain.

◦ When you return after letting your body recover, you may need to ease yourself back into the exercise or sport rather than jumping
back in at the same intensity.
SPORTS INJURIES PREVENTION
◦ Cool down

 Remember to cool down after your activity. Usually, this involves doing the same stretching and
exercises involved in a warmup.

◦ Resume activity slowly

 Don’t be tempted to nurse your injury for too long. Excessive rest may delay healing. After the initial
48-hour period of RICE, you can start using heat to help relax tight muscles. Take things slowly, and
ease back in to exercise or your sport of choice.