Five-Minute Check (over Chapter 5)

Then/Now
New Vocabulary
Key Concept: Operations that Produce Equivalent
Systems
Example 1: Gaussian Elimination with a System
Example 2: Write an Augmented Matrix
Key Concept: Elementary Row Operations
Key Concept: Row-Echelon Form
Example 3: Identify an Augmented Matrix in Row-Echelon Form
Example 4: Real-World Example: Gaussian Elimination with a Matrix
Example 5: Use Gauss-Jordan Elimination
Example 6: No Solution and Infinitely Many Solutions
Example 7: Infinitely Many Solutions
 Over Chapter 5

Find sec θ and cot θ if csc θ = 4 and tan < 0.

A.

B.

C.

D.
 Over Chapter 5

Find sec θ and cot θ if csc θ = 4 and tan < 0.

A.

B.

C.

D.
 Over Chapter 5

is equivalent to which of the following

expressions?

A. csc2 t cot t

B. sec2 t cot t

C. csc t sec t

D. sin t cos t
 Over Chapter 5

is equivalent to which of the following

expressions?

A. csc2 t cot t

B. sec2 t cot t

C. csc t sec t

D. sin t cos t
 Over Chapter 5

Find the values of sin 2θ, cos 2θ, and tan 2θ

if in the interval .

A.

B.

C.

D.
 Over Chapter 5

Find the values of sin 2θ, cos 2θ, and tan 2θ

if in the interval .

A.

B.

C.

D.
 Over Chapter 5

Solve sin 2θ – cos θ = 0 in the interval [0, 2π).

A.

B.

C.

D.
 Over Chapter 5

Solve sin 2θ – cos θ = 0 in the interval [0, 2π).

A.

B.

C.

D.
You solved systems of equations algebraically and
represented data using matrices. (Lessons 0-5 and
0-6)

• Solve systems of linear equations using matrices

and Gaussian elimination.
• Solve systems of linear equations using matrices
and Gauss-Jordan elimination.
• multivariable linear system
• row-echelon form
• Gaussian elimination
• augmented matrix
• coefficient matrix
• reduced row-echelon form
• Gauss-Jordan elimination
 Gaussian Elimination with a System

Write the system of equations in triangular form

using Gaussian elimination. Then solve the
system.
x + 3y + 2z = 5
3x + y – 2z = 7
2x + 2y + 3z = 3
Step 1 Eliminate the x-term in Equation 2.
[–3(Equation 1) + Equation 2]
(–3)(x + 3y + 2z = 5) → 3x  9y  6z = 15
(+) 3x + y  2z = 7
8y  8z = 8
 Gaussian Elimination with a System

x + 3y + 2z = 5
–8y – 8z = –8
2x + 2y + 3z = 3
Step 2 Eliminate the x-term in Equation 3.
[2(Equation 1) + Equation 3]
(–2)(x + 3y + 2z = 5) → –2x – 6y  4z = –10
(+) 2x + 2y + 3z = 3
–4y – z = –7
x + 3y + 2z = 5
–8y – 8z = –8
4y – z = –7
 Gaussian Elimination with a System

Step 3 Eliminate the y-term in Equation 3.

[–2(Equation 3) + Equation 2]
(2)(4y  z = 7) → 8y + 2z = 14
(+) 8y  8z = 8
6z = 6
x + 3y + 2z = 5
8y  8z = 8
6z = 6
 Gaussian Elimination with a System

Step 4 Simplify Equations 2 and 3. Divide Equation 2

by 8 and divide Equation 3 by 6.
x + 3y + 2z = 5
y+z =1
z = 1
You can use substitution to find that y = 2 and x = 1.
So, the solution of the system is x = 1, y = 2, and
z = –1.

Answer:
 Gaussian Elimination with a System

Step 4 Simplify Equations 2 and 3. Divide Equation 2

by 8 and divide Equation 3 by 6.
x + 3y + 2z = 5
y+z =1
z = 1
You can use substitution to find that y = 2 and x = 1.
So, the solution of the system is x = 1, y = 2, and
z = –1.

Answer: x – y – 2z = 1
y+z=1
z = –1; (1, 2, –1)
Write the system of equations in triangular form
using Gaussian elimination. Then solve the
system.
x – 2y + z = 3
2x – 3y + z = 3
x – 2y + 2z = 5
A. x –2y + z = 3 C. x + 2y  z = 3
y – 2z = –3 y – 2z = –5
z = 2; (–1, –1, 2) z = 2; (7, –1, 2)

B. x + 2y  z = 3 D. x – 2y + z = 3
y – 2z = –5 y + 2z = –5
z = 2; (–1, –1, 2) z = 2; (–17, –9, 2)
Write the system of equations in triangular form
using Gaussian elimination. Then solve the
system.
x – 2y + z = 3
2x – 3y + z = 3
x – 2y + 2z = 5
A. x –2y + z = 3 C. x + 2y  z = 3
y – 2z = –3 y – 2z = –5
z = 2; (–1, –1, 2) z = 2; (7, –1, 2)

B. x + 2y  z = 3 D. x – 2y + z = 3
y – 2z = –5 y + 2z = –5
z = 2; (–1, –1, 2) z = 2; (–17, –9, 2)
 Write an Augmented Matrix

Write the augmented matrix for the system of

linear equations.
x+y–z=5
2w + 3x – z = –2
2w – x + y = 6
While each linear equation is in standard form, each
of the four variables of the system is not represented
in each equation, so the like terms do not align.
Rewrite the system, using the coefficient 0 for the
missing terms. Then write the augmented matrix.
 Write an Augmented Matrix

System of Equations Augmented Matrix

0w + x + y – z = 5
2w + 3x + 0y – z = –2
2w – x + y + 0z = 6

Answer:
 Write an Augmented Matrix

System of Equations Augmented Matrix

0w + x + y – z = 5
2w + 3x + 0y – z = –2
2w – x + y + 0z = 6

Answer:
Write the augmented matrix for the system of
linear equations.
w + 2x + z = 2
x+y–z=1
2w – 3x + y + 2z = –2
w + 3y – z = 5
A. C.

B. D.
Write the augmented matrix for the system of
linear equations.
w + 2x + z = 2
x+y–z=1
2w – 3x + y + 2z = –2
w + 3y – z = 5
A. C.

B. D.
 Identify an Augmented Matrix in Row-Echelon
Form
A. Determine whether is in row-echelon
form.

There is a zero below the leading one in the first row.

The second row also contains a leading 1. The matrix
is in row-echelon form.

Answer:
 Identify an Augmented Matrix in Row-Echelon
Form
A. Determine whether is in row-echelon
form.

There is a zero below the leading one in the first row.

The second row also contains a leading 1. The matrix
is in row-echelon form.

Answer: yes
 Identify an Augmented Matrix in Row-Echelon
Form
B. Determine whether is in
row-echelon form.

The second row, which contains all zeros, needs be

the last row in the matrix. The matrix is not in
row-echelon form.

Answer:
 Identify an Augmented Matrix in Row-Echelon
Form
B. Determine whether is in
row-echelon form.

The second row, which contains all zeros, needs be

the last row in the matrix. The matrix is not in
row-echelon form.

Answer: no
 Identify an Augmented Matrix in Row-Echelon
Form
C. Determine whether is in
row-echelon form.

There is a zero below the leading one in the first row

and the leading one in the second row. The row
containing all zeros is the last row. The matrix is in
row-echelon form.

Answer:
 Identify an Augmented Matrix in Row-Echelon
Form
C. Determine whether is in
row-echelon form.

There is a zero below the leading one in the first row

and the leading one in the second row. The row
containing all zeros is the last row. The matrix is in
row-echelon form.

Answer: yes
Which matrix is not in row-echelon form?
A. B.

C. D.

A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Which matrix is not in row-echelon form?
A. B.

C. D.

A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
 Gaussian Elimination with a
Matrix
RESTAURANTS Three families ordered meals of
hamburgers (HB), French fries (FF), and drinks (DR).
The items they ordered and their total bills are
shown below. Write and solve a system of equations
to determine the cost of each item.
 Gaussian Elimination with a
Matrix
Write the information as a system of equations. Let
x, y, and z represent hamburgers, French fries, and
drinks, respectively.
6x + 5y + 5z = 55
2x + y + z = 15
x + 3y + 2z = 18
Next, write the augmented matrix and apply
elementary row operations to obtain a row-echelon
form of the matrix.
 Gaussian Elimination with a
Matrix
Augmented
Matrix

Switch R3
with R1.

3R2 – R3 
 Gaussian Elimination with a
Matrix

R2 

R3 – 6R1

13R2 + R3
 Gaussian Elimination with a
Matrix

R3 

You can use substitution to find that y = 3 and x = 5.

Therefore, the solution of the system is that
hamburgers cost $5, French fries cost $3, and drinks
cost $2.

Answer:
 Gaussian Elimination with a
Matrix

R3 

You can use substitution to find that y = 3 and x = 5.

Therefore, the solution of the system is that
hamburgers cost $5, French fries cost $3, and drinks
cost $2.

Answer: hamburgers: $5, French fries: $3,

drinks: $2
MOVIES A movie theater sells three kinds of tickets:
senior citizen (SC), adult (A), and children (C). The
table shows the number of each kind of ticket
purchased by three different
families and their total bills.
Write and solve a system of
equations to determine the
cost of each kind of ticket.
A. senior citizen: $5, adult: $8, children: $2
B. senior citizen: $5, adult: $7, children: $4
C. senior citizen: $6, adult: $8, children: $2
D. senior citizen: $4, adult: $7, children: $6
MOVIES A movie theater sells three kinds of tickets:
senior citizen (SC), adult (A), and children (C). The
table shows the number of each kind of ticket
purchased by three different
families and their total bills.
Write and solve a system of
equations to determine the
cost of each kind of ticket.
A. senior citizen: $5, adult: $8, children: $2
B. senior citizen: $5, adult: $7, children: $4
C. senior citizen: $6, adult: $8, children: $2
D. senior citizen: $4, adult: $7, children: $6
 Use Gauss-Jordan Elimination

Solve the system of equations.

x–y+z=3
–x + 2y – z = 2
2x – 3y + 3z = 8
Augmented
Matrix

R1 + R2
 Use Gauss-Jordan Elimination

R1 + R2

R3 – 2R1

3R2 + R3
 Use Gauss-Jordan Elimination

R1 – R3

The solution of the system is x = 1, y = 5, and z = 7.

Check this solution in the original system of
equations.

Answer:
 Use Gauss-Jordan Elimination

R1 – R3

The solution of the system is x = 1, y = 5, and z = 7.

Check this solution in the original system of
equations.

Answer: x = 1, y = 5, z = 7
Solve the system of equations.
2x – y + z = 7
x + y – z = –4
y + 2z = 4

A. x = 1, y = 2, z = 3

B. x = –1, y = –2, z = –3

C. x = –1, y = 2, z = –3

D. x = 1, y = –2, z = 3
Solve the system of equations.
2x – y + z = 7
x + y – z = –4
y + 2z = 4

A. x = 1, y = 2, z = 3

B. x = –1, y = –2, z = –3

C. x = –1, y = 2, z = –3

D. x = 1, y = –2, z = 3
 No Solution and Infinitely Many Solutions

A. Solve the system of equations.

x + 2y + z = 8
2x + 3y – z = 13
x + y – 2z = 5
Write the augmented matrix. Then apply elementary
row operations to obtain a reduced row-echelon
matrix.

Augmented
Matrix
 No Solution and Infinitely Many Solutions

R2 – 2R3

R3 – R1

R3 + R2
 No Solution and Infinitely Many Solutions

Write the corresponding system of linear equations for

the reduced row-echelon form of the augmented matrix.
x + 2y + z = 8
y + 3z = 3

Because the value of z is not determined, this system

has infinitely many solutions. Solving for x and y in
terms of z, you have x = 5z + 2 and y = –3z + 3. So, a
solution of the system can be expressed as
(5z + 2, –3z + 3, z), where z is any real number.

Answer:
 No Solution and Infinitely Many Solutions

Write the corresponding system of linear equations for

the reduced row-echelon form of the augmented matrix.
x + 2y + z = 8
y + 3z = 3

Because the value of z is not determined, this system

has infinitely many solutions. Solving for x and y in
terms of z, you have x = 5z + 2 and y = –3z + 3. So, a
solution of the system can be expressed as
(5z + 2, –3z + 3, z), where z is any real number.

Answer: (5z + 2, –3z + 3, z)

 No Solution and Infinitely Many Solutions

B. Solve the system of equations.

2x + 3y – z = 1
x + y – 2z = 5
x + 2y + z = 8
Write the augmented matrix. Then apply elementary
row operations to obtain a reduced row-echelon
matrix.

Augmented
Matrix
 No Solution and Infinitely Many Solutions

R1 – R3 

R1 – R2 

Because 0 ≠ –12, the system has no solution.

Answer:
 No Solution and Infinitely Many Solutions

R1 – R3 

R1 – R2 

Because 0 ≠ –12, the system has no solution.

Answer: no solution
Solve the system of equations.
x + 2y + z = 2
x + y – 2z = 0
2y + 6z = 8
A. (–2, 0, 4)

B. no solution

C. (–3z, 2z, z)

D. (–5, 5, –3)
Solve the system of equations.
x + 2y + z = 2
x + y – 2z = 0
2y + 6z = 8
A. (–2, 0, 4)

B. no solution

C. (–3z, 2z, z)

D. (–5, 5, –3)
 Infinitely Many Solutions

Solve the system of equations.

4w + x + 2y – 3z = 10
3w + 4x + 2y + 8z = 3
w + 3x + 4y + 11z = 11

Write the augmented matrix. Then apply elementary

row operations to obtain leading 1s in each row and
zeros below these 1s in each column.

Augmented
Matrix
 Infinitely Many Solutions

Interchange
R1 with R3.

R2 – 3R1 

R2 
 Infinitely Many Solutions

R3 – 4R1

R3 + 11R2

R3 
 Infinitely Many Solutions

R2 – 2R3 

R1 – 3R2

R1 – 4R3 
 Infinitely Many Solutions

Write the corresponding system of linear equations for

the reduced row-echelon form of the augmented
matrix.
w – 2z = 1
x + 3z = 2
y+z=4
This system of equations has infinitely many solutions
because for every value of z there are three equations
that can be used to find the corresponding values of
w, x, and y. Solving for w, x, and y in terms of z, you
have w = 2z + 1, x = –3z – 2, and y = –z + 4.
 Infinitely Many Solutions

So, a solution of the system can be expressed as

(2z + 1, –3z – 2, –z + 4, z), where z is any real
number.
Answer:
 Infinitely Many Solutions

So, a solution of the system can be expressed as

(2z + 1, –3z – 2, –z + 4, z), where z is any real
number.
Answer: (2z + 1, –3z – 2, –z + 4, z)
Check Using different values for z, calculate a few
solutions and check them in the original system of
equation. For example, if z = 1, a solution of the
system is (3, –5, 3, 1). This solution checks in each
equation of the original system.
4(3) + (–5) + 2(3) – 3(1) = 10 
3(3) + 4(–5) + 2(3) + 8(1) = 3 
3 + 3(–5) + 4(3) + 11(1) = 11 
Solve the system of equations.
–w – x + y – z = 2
2w – x + 2y – z = 7
w – 2x – y – 2z = 1
A. (1, –z – 1, 2, z)

B. (–1, z + 1, –2, –z)

C. (z + 2, z + 1, z, z)

D. no solution
Solve the system of equations.
–w – x + y – z = 2
2w – x + 2y – z = 7
w – 2x – y – 2z = 1
A. (1, –z – 1, 2, z)

B. (–1, z + 1, –2, –z)

C. (z + 2, z + 1, z, z)

D. no solution