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Solutions
Solutions
Solutions
• Solution – a homogenous mixture of a
solute dissolved in a solvent. The
solubility (ability to dissolve) of a solute in
a solvent is dependent on the
1. Temperature
For solid solutes: as temperature
increases, solubility increases.
For gas solutes: as temperature
increases, solubility decreases.
Solutions con
2. Pressure
For solid solutes: as pressure increases,
solubility remains the same.
For gas solutes: as pressure increases,
solubility increases
3. Nature of Solute/Solvent
“Like dissolves in like.”
Solute/Solvents cont.
Solubility Summary
Solute Type Nonpolar Polar Solvent
solvent
Nonpolar (Fat Soluble (soap) Insoluble
Grease) (water)
Polar Insoluble Soluble (water)
Ionic (salt) insoluble Soluble (water)
• KI = soluble
• Pb(NO3)2 = soluble
• 2KNO3(aq) = soluble
• PbI(s) = insoluble solid
• In a precipitation reaction, two clear
aqueous solutions are combined to form a
cloudy, solid precipitate that can be
collected by filtration.
Concentrations of Solutions
• Because solutions are homogeneous
mixtures, their compositions can vary.
Sometimes it is adequate to refer to a
solution as dilute or concentrated. These
are qualitative descriptions of
concentration. It is more precise to
describe the concentration of solutions in
quantitative measures.
Molarity
• Molarity (M)- number of moles of solute in 1L of
solution. Table T
• 3M = 3 moles NaCl
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