microarray

DNA microarray is most powerful technology which can •

provide a high throughput and detailed view of the entire •
genome and transcriptome which allows scientists to •
understand the molecular mechanisms underlying normal •
.and dysfunctional biological processes •
Microarray •
technology could speed up the screening of thousands of
DNA and protein samples simultaneously. In the present •
review, we discuss the basic principles behind gene •
expression microarrays, it’s types and their potential •
.applications •
Types of DNA microarrays •
There are currently two platforms/types of DNA microarrays that are •
.commercially available
Glass DNA microarrays which involves the micro spotting of pre- .1 •
fabricated cDNA fragments on a glass slid

High-density oligonucleotide microarrays often referred to as a .2 •

"chip" which involves in situ
.oligonucleotide synthesis •
.There are four major steps in performing a typical microarray experiment •
Sample preparation and labelling .1 •
Hybridisation .2 •
Washing .3 •
Image acquisition and Data analysis .4 •
Applications of DNA Microarray Technology •
.Gene expression profiling to measure the expression of genes between different cell populations .1 •
Comparative genomics to analyse genomic alterations such as sequence and single nucleotide .2 •
.polymorphisms •
Gene mapping" refers to the mapping of genes to •
.specific locations on chromosomes •
 It is a critical step in the understanding of genetic •
.diseases •
: There are two types of gene mapping •
 Genetic Mapping - using linkage analysis to determine the •
.relative position between two genes on a chromosome •
 Physical Mapping - using all available techniques or •
information to determine the absolute position of a gene on •
a chromosom •
Requires informative markers – polymorphic and a •
population with known relationships •
. Best if measured between “close” markers •
 Unit of distance in genetic maps = centiMorgans •
Physical mapping •
 Relies upon observable experimental •
outcomes •
 hybridization •
 amplification •
 May or may not have a distant measure •
gene mapping •
, The ultimate goal of gene mapping is to clone genes •
especially disease genes. Once a gene is cloned, we •
can determine its DNA sequence and study its •
protein product •
Gene maps •
 Genetic map •
 Physical map •
 Transcription map •
 Sequence map •