EPC403: Power Electronics I

Electrical and Electronic Engineering

Ahram Canadian University

Dr. Sayed Ahmed Zaki

Assistant Prof. in Electrical Engineering
Faculty of Engineering
Cairo University
 Outlines of Lecture 7

Recap of PIV

Methods of Generating Full Wave

Full Wave Rectifier for R load

Full Wave Rectifier for RL load

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 The peak inverse voltage (PIV)
• The peak inverse voltage (PIV) equals the peak value of the input voltage
• the diode must be capable of withstanding this amount of repetitive reverse
voltage.
• A diode should be rated at least 20% higher than the PIV.
PIV= Vp(in)

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 Transformer Coupling
-A transformer is often used to couple the ac input voltage from the source to the
rectifier.
-Transformer coupling has two advantages.
1. It allows the source voltage to be stepped down as needed.
2. The ac source is electrically isolated from the rectifier, thus preventing a shock
hazard in the secondary circuit.

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 Transformer Coupling
-The amount that the voltage is stepped down is determined by the turns ratio of the
transformer
• The secondary voltage of a transformer equals the turns ratio, n, times the primary
voltage.
Vsec=nVpri
So the output voltage Vp(out) =Vsec-0.7

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 Full-wave rectifier
- The full-wave rectifier is the most commonly used type in dc power supplies.
- A full-wave rectifier allows unidirectional (one-way) current through the load
during the entire 360o of the input cycle.
- Where a half-wave rectifier allows current through the load only during one-half
of the cycle.
- The result of full-wave rectification is an output voltage with a frequency twice
the input frequency and that pulsates every half-cycle of the input.

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 Full-wave rectifier

Full-wave rectifier

Center tap
Bridge
transformer
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 Center-Tapped Full-wave rectifier
- Half of the total secondary voltage appears between the center tap and each end
of the secondary winding
- The current through the load resistor is in the same direction during the entire
input cycle

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 Center-Tapped Full-wave rectifier
- For a positive half-cycle of the input voltage, the upper portion of secondary
winding is positive
- The D1 will be forward bias and D2 will be reverse bias.
- The current path is through D1 and the load resistor RL, to the ground of the
centre tap

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 Center-Tapped Full-wave rectifier
- For a negative half-cycle of the input voltage, the lower portion of secondary
winding is positive
- The D2 will be forward bias and D1 will be reverse bias.
- The current path is through D2 and the load resistor RL, to the ground of the
centre tap
-The output current during both the positive and negative portions of the input
cycle is in the same direction through the load

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 Center-Tapped Full-wave rectifier
- The peak inverse voltage (PIV) of D2:

If Vp(out)= , so PIV=2Vp(out) + 0.7

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 Bridge Full-wave rectifier
- The bridge rectifier uses four diodes connected as follows:

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 Bridge Full-wave rectifier
- During positive half cycle, diodes D1 and D2 are forward bias and conduct current.
- During this time, diodes D3 and D4 are reverse-biased
- A voltage is developed across RL that looks like the positive half of the input
cycle

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 Bridge Full-wave rectifier
- During negative half cycle, diodes D3 and D4 are forward bias and conduct
current.
- During this time, diodes D1 and D2 are reverse-biased
- A voltage is developed across RL that looks like the positive half of the input
cycle

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 Bridge Full-wave rectifier

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 Bridge Output Voltage
- Neglecting the diode drops, the secondary voltage across the load resistor:
Vp(out)=Vp(sec)
- Two diodes are always in series with the load resistor during both the positive
and negative half-cycles:
Vp(out)=Vp(sec)- 1.4

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 Bridge Peak Inverse Voltage
• In ideal model, D1 and D2 is short circuit. So D3 and D4 have a peak inverse voltage
equal to the peak secondary voltage
PIV=Vp(out)
• In practical model :
PIV=Vp(out) +0.7
• The bridge rectifier requires diodes with half the PIV rating of those in a center-
tapped rectifier for the same output voltage

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 Bridge Full-wave rectifier
Resistive Load

The source current for the full-wave

rectifier with a resistive load is a
sinusoid that is in phase with the
voltage, so the power factor is 1.

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 Bridge Full-wave rectifier (Resistive Load)

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 Center-Tapped Full-wave rectifier (Resistive Load)

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 Bridge Full-wave rectifier (RL Load)

• For the bridge circuit, current is transferred from one

pair of diodes to the other pair when the source
changes polarity.
• The voltage across the RL load is a full-wave rectified
sinusoid, as it was for the resistive load.
• The full-wave rectified sinusoidal voltage across the
load can be expressed as a Fourier series consisting of
a dc term and the even harmonics.

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 Bridge Full-wave rectifier (RL Load)

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 Bridge Full-wave rectifier (RL Load)

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 Example on RL Load

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