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Confined Space Construction 1 - Short Version
Confined Space Construction 1 - Short Version
SPACE
in Construction
An Overview of OSHA
Standards and
Confined Space Hazards
OBJECTIVES
Define a Confined Space
Define a Permit-Required Confined
Space
Be Familiar with OSHA Standards and
the elements of the standards
Understand the Hazards Associated
with Confined Spaces
Confined Space: Definition
A Confined Space means a space that:
Is large enough and so configured that an
employee can bodily enter and perform
assigned work ; and
Has a limited or restricted means for entry or
exit (For example: tanks, vessels, silos, pits,
vaults,hoppers);and,
Is not designed for continuous employee
occupancy.
Permit Required
Confined Space: Definition
A Permit Required Confined Space means a
confined space that has one or more of the
following characteristics:
–
Characteristics of Confined
Spaces
(2) Elevation
– (a) Elevated -a permit space where the entrance portal or
opening is above grade by 4 feet or more. This type of
space usually requires knowledge of high angle rescue
procedures because of the difficulty in packaging and
transporting a patient to the ground from the portal.
– (b) Non-elevated -a permit space with the entrance portal
located less than 4 feet above grade. This type of space
will allow the rescue team to transport an injured
employee normally.
Characteristics of Confined
Spaces
(3) Portal size.
– (a) Restricted--A portal of 24 inches or less in the
least dimension. Portals of this size are too small to
allow a rescuer to simply enter the space while using
SCBA. The portal size is also too small to allow
normal spinal immobilization of an injured employee.
Oxygen content,
Flammable gases and vapors, and
Potential toxic air contaminants.
PRCS CONFINED SPACE
SIGNAGE
CONFINED
SPACE
HAZARDS
CONFINED SPACE HAZARDS
PRCS Fatalities
47% Air (Oxygen, Gases, Vapors)
21% Drowning (Engulfment)
19% Toxic (Liquids, Vapors, etc above PEL
10% Blunt Force Trauma
2% Electrocution (Mostly due to objects the
victim took in with them)
1% Burns
Confined Space Hazards
Hazardous Atmospheres
– Asphyxiating atmospheres
– Flammable atmospheres
– Toxic atmospheres
Oxygen Deficient
Atmosphere
Solid
Liquids Vapors Gases Mists Materials
& Dusts
CHAP 2-12
IM POR TANT T O REMEMBER
Don't Forget that:
C HAP 2-1 5
Flammable Hazards
FLAMMABLE
ATMOSPHERES
AIR
The Ignition Triangle
Flammab le
Atmosphere
GAS,VAPOR SOURCE OF
OR DUST IGNITION
CHAP 2-6
Atmospheric Hazards
Definitions
Vapor Density
The weight of a flammable vapor compared to air
(Air=1). Vapors with a high density are more
dangerous and require better ventilation because
they tend to flow along the floor and collect in low
spots.
AIR BEING 1.0
0.5 Lighter
than air
Heavier Equal
than air 1.6 to air
Vapor Density
THE RATIO OF THE MASS OF VAPOR
OR GAS TO THE MASS OF AN EQUAL
AMOUNT OF AIR.
CHAP 3-2
Confined Space Hazards
GENERAL HAZARDS
Electrical
Mechanical
Engulfment
Entrapment
Engulfment Hazards
" Engulfment" means the surrounding and
effective capture of a person by a liquid or
finely-divided (flowable) solid substance
that can be aspirated to cause death by
filling or plugging the respiratory system or
that can exert enough force on the body to
cause death by strangulation, constriction,
or crushing.
Mechanical/Entrapment
Hazards
Agitators Unguarded belts
Augers Unguarded fans
Unguarded chains Moving parts
Unguarded pulleys Rotating parts
Unguarded rotating
blades
Confined Space Hazards
PHYSICAL HAZARDS
Thermal effects
Noise
Vibration
Structural
Corrosives
Noise Hazards
Distraction
Physical damage to ear
Interference with communications
Stress
Other Hazards
Unstable or dangerous work surfaces
Falling objects
Insects or animals
Biological
Accident Report
Fatal Fact No. 25
Accident Type: A welder entered a steel pipe (24 inch
Fire/explosion diameter) to grind a bad weld at a valve
about 30 feet from the entry point. Before
Type of Operation:
he entered, other crew members decided
Installing water line to add oxygen to the pipe near the bad
Crew Size 3 weld. He had been grinding intermittently
Employee Job Title for about five minutes when a fire broke
Welder Age28 out enveloping his clothing. Another crew
member pulled him 30 feet to the pipe
Experience 2 years entrance and extinguished the fire.
Time on Project 2 However, the welder died the next day
months from his burns.
Accident Report
Fatal Fact No. 25
Accident Report
Fatal Fact No. 25 (cont’d)
INSPECTION RESULTS: OSHA issued three citations one willful,
one serious and one repeat. Had the cited standards been
followed, this fatality might have been prevented.
ACCIDENT PREVENTION RECOMMENDATIONS
1.Do not use oxygen for ventilation, cooling or cleaning in welding
operations
2.Comply with OSHA's required confined or enclosed space entry
program
3.Train employees to recognize and avoid unsafe conditions
associated with their work and make sure they understand the
confined space entry program and follow its procedures
Accident Report
Fatal Fact No. 39
Accident Type: An employee sitting in a looped
Asphyxiation chain was lowered
Type of Operation: approximately 17 feet into a 21-
Boring, Jacking foot deep manhole. Twenty
seconds later he started gasping
Crew Size: 6
for air and fell from the chain
Employee Job Title: seat face down into the
Laborer Age 23 Male
accumulated water at the bottom
Experience at this Type of the manhole. An autopsy
of Work 1 day determined oxygen deficiency as
Time on Project 1 hour the cause of death.
Accident Report
Fatal Fact No. 39 (cont’d)
ACCIDENT PREVENTION RECOMMENDATIONS