Hybrid

Comparator
 Hybrid Comparator
 In the hybrid comparator, both amplitude and
phase comparators are used.
 Inputs are given to a phase comparator.
 The output of the phase comparator is given to
amplitude comparator.
 The hybrid comparators are usually multi-input
comparators.
Block diagram of Hybrid Comparator

Static impedance relays comparing V and I are generally of Hybrid

Comparator.
Level detector determines the level of its input with reference to a
predetermined setting.
Duality between
amplitude and phase
comparator
 
Amplitude comparator as phase comparator
 Inherent amplitude comparator becomes a phase
comparator and vice-versa if the input quantities to
the comparator are changed to the sum and
difference of the original two input quantities.
 Generally, the operation of an amplitude
comparator with input signals S1 and S2 such that
it operates when |S1| > |S2|.
 If the inputs are changed to |S1 + S2| and |S1 – S2| so that it
operates when |S1 + S2| > |S1 – S2|.
 If these quantities are fed to an amplitude comparator, the
comparator essentially compares the phase relation between
S1 and S2.
 It is observed that the requirement |S1 + S2| < |
S1 – S2| puts a condition on the phase relation
between S1 and S2 
 i.e. unless the phase difference between original
phasors S1 and S2 exceeds 90°, |S1 + S2| cannot
be less than |S1 – S2|.
 Therefore the original amplitude comparator with
inputs now |S1 + S2| and |S1 – S2| is a phase
comparator i.e., a converted phase comparator.
 Itis to be noted that the phase comparator in case
of static circuits is a cosine comparator as opposed
to a sine comparator in case of electromechanical
relays.
 The amplitude comparison using a phase
comparator is explained with the help of phasor
diagram shown in next slide.
 From the phasor diagram it is clear that if the
original inputs S1 and S2 to the phase comparator are
with such a phase relation that they will operate the
relay and if now the inputs are changed to |S1 + S2|
and |S1 – S2| and supplied to the same comparator,
 The comparator essentially compares the amplitude
relation between S1 and S2.
 Unless |S1| > |S2|, the phase relation between |S1 + S2|
and |S1 – S2| will not be less than 90°.
 Hence the phase comparator with inputs |S1 + S2|
and |S1 – S2| will now be an amplitude comparator.
 In general an inherent comparator is better than the
converted type comparator because if one quantity
is very large in comparison with the other, a small
error in the larger quantity may cause an incorrect
comparison when their sum and difference are fed
as inputs to the relay.