AGE

PRENATAL AGE
POSTNATAL AGE
PRENATAL AGE
 BY HESSES RULE
Age is assessed from CHL of embryo/fetus
First 5 months= CHLcm =age in months
9 = 3 months

After 5 months= length in cm =age in months

5
30 = 6 months
5
POSTNATAL AGE
1.upto 25 years of age:
1.Teeth
2.Bones
3.Height/weight
4.Changes at puberty
5.Birth record
CONT
2.after 25 years of age:
1.Bones

2.Changes due to old age

3.Closure of sutures
1 : TEETH
 By difference between 2 sets of teeth

 Time of their eruption( it is imp till 25 years

of age)

 Root calcification ( after 25 years of age)

TEMPORARY TEETH
20 in number

 4 incisors
 2 canine
 4 molars
 In each jaw 10
CONT
.Small,white,constricted at neck,serrated edges.
.Eruption starts at 6months.
.Completed in 2 and half years.
.Start shedding at 6-7 years.
.Eruption of first molar behind second
temporary molar teeth.
CONT.
 1 year = 8 teeth

 1&1/2 year = 16 teeth

 2&1/2 years = 20 teeth

Mixed dentition =12 -13 years

PERMANENT TEETH
 First appear in lower jaw.
 Eruption starts at 6 years of age.
 32 in number.
 Space for 3rd molar after 12 years of age.
 Wisdom teeth.(17-25 years )
 Non calcified wisdom teeth shows age less

than 25 years.
 Strong, non serrated, ivory white color.
GUSTAFSON,S METHOD
 Determine age between 25 – 60 years.

 By microscopic examination of longitudinal

examination of tooth.

 Assess changes due to wear and tear with

advancing age.
CONT
1.ATTRITION: Gradual wearing out of teeth.
2.PERIODONTOSIS: loosening of teeth.
3.SECONDARY DENTITION: Infilling of normal
root cavity.
4.CEMENT APPOSITION: Increase in tissue
holding root in place.
5.ROOT RESORBTION:
6.ROOT TRANSPARENCY:
BOYDE METHOD
BY MICROCOPIC EXAMINATION OF TEETH.

1.INCREMENTAL LINES: cross striation on

enamel representing daily increments of
growth.

2.NEONATAL LINES: present at birth.

Imbibing material dist water
Imbibing material Quinoline
2:OSSIFICATION OF BONES
 Cartilage to bone through ossification.
 Ossification progress from diff centers until

bone is formed.
 Oss is affected by diet and environment.
 Union of epiphysis is 2 years earlier in

females
but it is opposite in skull.
. In Tropics ossification is earlier than
temperate.
1:Up to 25 years of age
AT BIRTH ossif.centers are present

 Lower end of femur (1/2cm dia)

 Upper end of tibia
 Head of humerus
 Talus ,Calcaneum,Cuboid
1 ½ to 2 years

Anterior fontanelle should be

closed
2 to 6 years
No of carpal bones gives age in
years.

10 to 12 years
Pisiform ossify
Union of epiphysis
REGION GIRLS BOYS
Elbow 13-14 years 15-17 years
Wrist 16-17 years 18-19 years
Shoulder 17-18 years 19-20 years
Crest of ileum 18-19 years 20-21years
Ischial tuberosity 21-22 years 23-24 years
Inner end of clavicle 21-22 years 23-24 years
2.AFTER 25 YEARS
 Xiphoid process wth sternal body:40 years

 Manubrium wth sternal body : 60 years

3.AFTER 30 YEARS
 Sagital suture : 30 -- 35 years

 Coronal suture : 35 -- 40 years

 Lambdoid suture: 45 -- 50 years

VERTEBRAE
Lipping of lumbar vertebrae :40
years

Atrophic changes I/V disc: 40

45 years
4.40 to 60 years
Union of greater cornu of HYOID
bone with body

Ossification of laryngeal and costal

cartilages
3:HEIGHT and WEIGHT
HEIGHT:
 Birth 45 - 50 cm
 6 months 60 cm
 12 months 68 cm
 4 Years 90 - 70 cm
WEIGHT
 Birth ----------------- 2 and ½ to 3 kg

 First year of life wt. gain is 0.5 kg per month

 6 months ------------------ 6 kg

 12 months ------------------- 9 kg
4:BIRTH RECORD
LEGAL PROOF of
 Identity
 Nationality
 Age
 Parentage
 Civil status
5:Changes at PUBERTY
MALES:
 Sec.sexual characteristics ---14--15 yrs

 Hair 0n Chin and lip------- 16 -18 yrs

 Adam apple prominence -- 16 - 18 yrs

FEMALES

Sec.sexual characteristics---13 -14 yrs

Menarche -----13 - 14 yrs

6: Changes due to old age
 Wrinkles on face
 Greying of hair
 Arcus senilis
 Hair in auditory meatus
 Loss of scalp hair
 Cataract
 Teeth fall out

Accuracy of age estimation
 First 25 years 2 years

 After 25 years 5 to 10 years