JABALPUR ENGINEERING COLLEGE

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

A
SEMINAR
ON
POWER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT
IN POWER SYSTEM

Under the guidance of Presented By

Mr. Nitin Saxsena Pratyush Kumar Singh
Assistant Professor 0201EE21ME21
CONTENTS
 INTRODUCTION
 WHY POWER QUALITY IS IMPORTANT
 SPECIFICATION OF THE GOOD POWER
QUALITY
 POWER QUALITY DEFECTS
 SOURCE OF POOR POWER QUALITY
 SOLUTION OF THE POOR POWER QUALITY
 CONCLUSION
INTRODUCTION
Power Quality is defined as the degree to which the power
supply approaches the ideal case of stable, uninterrupted, zero
destruction, and disturbance-free supply.
Power Quality is the combination of voltage profile, Frequency
profile, Harmonics contains, and reliability of power supply.
The power quality problem is defined as any problem
manifested in voltage, current, or frequency deviations that
results in the mal-operation of customer equipment.
PQ mainly deals with
 Continuity of the supply.
 “Quality” of the Voltage.
WHY POWER QUALITY IS IMPORTANT
 LOST PRODUCTION: Each time production is interrupted, your
business loses the margin on the product that is not manufactured and
sold.
 DAMAGED PRODUCT: Interruptions can damage a partially complete
product, and cause the items to be rerun or scrapped.
 MAINTENANCE: Reacting to a voltage disruption can involve
restoring production, diagnosing and correcting the problem, cleaning up
and repairing, disposing of damaged products, and, in some cases,
environmental costs.
 HIDDEN COSTS: If the impact of voltage sag is a control error, a
product defect may be discovered after customer delivery. The costs of
losing repeat sales, product recalls and negative public relations can be
significant and hard to quantify.
THE GOOD QUALITY OF POWER CAN BE SPECIFIED AS

 The supply voltage should be within the guaranteed

tolerance of the declared value.
 The waveshape should be a pure sine wave within
allowable limits for distortion.
 The voltage should be balanced in all three phases.
 Supply should be reliable i.e. continuous availability
without interruption
POWER QUALITY DEFECTS
 Variations in voltage, magnitude, and
frequency.
 Variations in frequency can rise out
of system dynamics or harmonics
injection.
Power Quality Defects
 Voltage Fluctuations
 Transient
 Harmonics
VOLTAGE FLUCTUATIONS
Voltage fluctuations are changes or swings in the
steady-state voltage above or below the designated
input range for a piece of equipment. Fluctuations
include both sags and swells.
TRANSIENT
Transients, commonly called "surges," are sub-cycle
disturbances of very short duration that vary greatly
in magnitude.
HARMONICS
The dynamic power system loads produce a time-varying
amplitude in current waveforms depending on the load
characteristics which consists of the fundamental and
harmonics components.
 For assessing power quality it is important to know the
total harmonic distortion i.e. the voltage and current
distortion factors
SOURCE OF POOR POWER QUALITY
 NON-LINEAR LOADS
 SWITCHING OPERATION
 REACTIVE LOADS
 ATMOSPHERIC CONDITION
 UNSTABLE LOADS
SOLUTION TO THE POOR POWER QUALITY

 SURGE SUPPRESSORS: These are

small plug-in devices designed to protect
equipment from moderate surges and
spikes.

 ISOLATION TRANSFORMERS:
These devices electrically separate the
electronic equipment from the incoming
power system, reducing unwanted
electrical noise.
CONCLUSION
Harmonic distortion is increasing day by day at a faster rate and is a
matter of concern to the utility, customers, and manufacturers of
different equipment.
 In India it is necessary first to create awareness regarding harmonic
problems, their effects, and elimination techniques among the
utility, consumers, and manufacturers of different equipment to
make power systems less polluted.
 The utility should monitor the installation of high-tension
consumers periodically, regarding the harmonic distortion and
penalties should be imposed on customers using equipment crossing
specified limits.
References
 Electrical Power Systems Quality (second edition) Roger C.
Dugan/H. Wayne Beaty.
 Bollen, MHJ 2001, 'Understanding power quality problems-voltage
sags and interruptions', IEEE Press series on power Engineering,
NewYork
 Chan, K, Kara, A, Dachler, P & Tinggren, R 1999, 'innovative
system solutions for power quality enhancement,' Proceedings of
CIRED fifteenth international conference on Electricity distribution,
pp. 1-8.
THANK YOU